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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



OF 



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FRO]\r 



D'IBERVILLE TO MCENERY, 



BY 



A LOUISIANAISE, 



AS 



A Contribution to the Exhibit of IVomaris IVork, 
in the Louisiana State Department, 



AT THE 



World 8 Industrial and Kotton Kentennial Exposition, 



NEW ORLEANS, LA, 1884-85. 



NEW ORLEANS: 

A. W. riYATT, STATIONER AND PRTNTER, 78 CAMP ST.-:!1<10 
1885. 



//i-D 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



OF 






FIIOM 



D'IBERVILLE TO MCENERY, 



BY 



A LOUISIANAISE, 



AS ^_ ^ 



^ Contribution to the Exhibit of IVoinaiis IVork, ^^ /o, 
in the Louisiana State Department, 



AT THE 



World's Industrial and Mm U\\mm^ Exposition, 

NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85, 



NEW ORLEANS: 

A. \V. HYATT, STATIONER AND PRINTER, 73 e'AMP ST.-31601 
1885. 



^nPYTO 



TO THE 

Hon. C. J. BARROW, 

Louisiana State Commissioner 

AT 

The World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 

New Orleans, La., 1884-85, 

these Sketches are dedicated, in admiring recognition of his mvaluabi 

services to the State. 



■■ail^p/i 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 15 

laws of Tjoiiisiaiia foi- seven years with <>]'eat success ; he earnestly 
endeavored to give satisfaction ; liis rule was most kindly and 
Louisiana nourished under it. Wheii, at tlie completion of his 
term, Ynzaga left Louisiana, he was as uni\ersally regretted as 
he had beeu universally respected. 



(JATA KZ. 

(xalvez was at the youthful age of twenty-oue when he 
became Governoi' of Louisiana in 1777. His administration was 
I)ut a continuation of tlie excellent pcjlicy ot Ynzaga. He per- 
mitted French shii)s to come from the West India Islands to 
Louisiana in ballast and return loaded with the i^rodiice of this 
country, it being paid for eithei- in silvei', bills of exchange, or 
negroes from Guinea. He authorized the colonial vessels to load 
with Pjuropean goods at Campeachy ami the Island of Cuba, 
also to export the produce of th(^ colonies to France and the 
United States: while at tlie same time all the ports of Spain 
were open to them. 

The duty on tobacco was re(hiced l)y (Jahez, and furs 
admitted entirely free : lience. through him. Louisiana prospeied 
commercially. By him immigi-ation was encouraged, and the 
Government made to pay the expenses of those who desired to 
settle in Louisiana, besides furnishing them with lands, cattle, 
implements of agriculture, etc- 

Galvez favored the cause of tlie American colonies against 
England; with the cons<'nt of Spain he raised an army with 
which he obtained possession of Baton Rouge, Fort Bute, Xatchez 
and the foi-ts on the Amite. In 1 7S(), Galvez captured Fort Char- 
lotte on IMobile Bay, and secui'cd the conquest of Florida by 
that of Fort George. For all of these sei'vices Galvez was made 
Brigadier General, then Major General ; he became Captain Gen- 
eral of Louisiana and West F'loi-ida. with brevet of Lieutenant 
General of the armies of the King and the cross of the order of 
Charles III. In 1785, Galvez was promoted to the Captain - 
generalship of the Island of Cuba, still retaining that of Lou- 
isiana and West Florida ; he even continued to hold these 
positions for some time after the King had appointed him Viceroy 
of Mexico, which place had been rendered vacant by the death 
of his father, Don Mathias de Galvez. 



Ifi BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



DOisT esteva:n^ miro. 

Don Estevan Miro, Colonel of the Royal Army, who had 
already acted as (lovernor of the province du^-ing a temporary 
absence of (lalvez, succeeded him. The poj)nlation of Louis- 
iana, at this time, 1784, amounted to twenty-seven thousand 
foui- hundred and thirty-nine persons, while that of the city of 
Xew Orleans was about five thousand. Within the sixteen 
years during which Louisiana had belonged to Sj^ain, the number 
of inhabitants had been more than doubled, and now was still 
further multii^lied by the arrival of many Canadian families. 
In 1786, Miro published a manifesto, declaring the principles 
wliich were to control his administration. In this he strongly 
advocated a holy observance of Sunday, the closing of all shops 
and drinking saloons dnring divine service, condemned severely 
the idleness and licentiousness so pi'evalent among free negroes 
and quadroons, forbade the women from wearing feathers and 
jewels, ordering a plain handkerchief to be their only head- 
dress. Gaming, carrying of concealed weapons and duelling- 
were strictly forl)idden. Tnhal)itants were prohil)ited from 
leaving the colony without a passport, oi' Avithout giving secu- 
rity for their debts. The manifesto contained, besides these, 
many other wise regulations, some of which are still in force. 
On Good Friday of 1788, a fire occurred in New Orleans, which 
destroyed nine hundred houses, and a large quantity of merchan- 
dise. The people of St. Domingo immediately aided the suffer- 
ers from this disaster, by sending them a vessel laden with 
materials for building. Miro availed himself of the misfortune 
as an excuse to oj)en trade between New Orleans and the United 
States. In 1791, the St. Domingo insurrection took place and 
the population of Louisiana received an accession from its 
refugees ; among them came a company of French actors, the 
first which ever appeared in New Orleans. Miro being created 
Major-General in the Spanish army, left Louisiana, to the great 
regret of its whole community. 



CARONDELET. 

The Baron de Carondelet, having replaced Miro in 1792, 
began his official life by lighting the town, for which end he 



Entered uccording to Act of Congress, in the Year 1885. by 

C. J. BARROW, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Waohington, D. C. 



WORLD'S EXPOSITION,! 

GOVERXMKNT BlTILDIXf'r. Loi'ISIAXA I)P:PAKT.M FAT. r 

Nkw Okt.kans, Apiil 2r)tli. ISSf). j 

To His Excellency G»v.S. D. :M(Kxr.i{Y, liaton Kouiie, I.a.: 

Bear Sir — In snbniitting thpl)iograpliical .sketclifsul' Louisi- 
ana's Governors, written by one of Louisiana's ablest daughters. 
whose personal eiforts in behalf of the historical collection of 
our State have done much towards its success, it affords uie 
pleasure to acknowledge the work i)erfornied by the ladies and 
Commissioners of Xew Orleans Tt will be seen by careful 
examination that the ladies who have contributed and those who 
have installed the magnificent display contained in the annex 
of the space allotted to Louisiana, deserve the commendation of 
the w^hole people of our State. The collection in this dej^art- 
ment, including woman's work, is iinsuri^assed and has been 
the admiration of visitors from all j)arts of the world, and such 
another exhibit of priceless and precious relics, historical 
reminiscences, etc., will, perhaps, never be brought together 
again. It is to be regretted that the cost will prevent the 
cataloguing of the whole exhibit as it is presented. 

I desire here to place on record the acknowledgment of my 
deep sense of gratitude to the ladies of the Committee of 
Installation of this beautiful display and to return my sinceie 
and grateful thanks for their a aluable assistance, among whom 
should be sj)ecially mentioned Miss Amanda Stone, of Madison 
Parish. 

Yours very resijectfully, 

C. J. BAREOW. 
United States Commissioner for Louisiana. 



FRENCH DOMINION 



D'IBERYILLE. Leader of Expedition ](;97 

SAFYOLLE. First Royal Governor 1699 

BIEXVILLE 171H 

De L'EPINAY 1716 

BIEI^VILLE .1718 

BOISBRIAIfT— ad interim .1724 

PEEIEE 1725 

BIENYILLE 17:52 

VAUDREUIL 1742 

KERLEREC 1758 

ABBADIE 1763 



Louisiana, which, according' to Homann's map, p\iblislied at 
Xuremberg, in Germany; about 1712, in its early days, begun at 
the mouth of the Rio del Norte, ascended that river to the mouth 
of the St. Paul ; thence by a line nearly north until it reached 
33° north latitude; thence east through what are now the State*'* 
of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana. Ohio, Kentucky, and Yirginia, to 
the sources of tlu' James river; was discovered in 1683, by De hi 
Salle, Father Lewis Hennepin, and the Chevalier Tonti. 

D'IBERYILLE. 

In 1607, Lenioine D' Iberville, a brave naval officer, accom- 
l)anied by his brothei's, SauvoUe and Bienville, set sail with two 
vessels from Rochefort, in France, to renew the explorations of 
La Salle on the Gulf of Mexico. On March 20th, 1698, he 
arrived at the mouth of the Mississippi and finally settled at 
Biloxi. After accomplishing much important work he returned 
to France to solicit assistance for the colony, leaving Sauvolle 
in command of the Fort, and Bienville, the youngest brothei-, as 
Lieutenant. December the 7th, 1699, D' Iberville landed in 
Louisiana, having returned from France, and bi'ought to San- 
voile his aiDpoiutment as Governor of Louisiana, by the King. 
Bienville was appointed Lieutenant Governoi- and Boisbriant 
commander of Fort Biloxi, with rank of Major. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



x\fter explorations up the Mississippi in which the Chevalier 
Tonti joined him as far as I^^atchez (at that time called Rosalie, 
by Iberville, in honor of the Countess Pontchartrain, wife of 
the Chancellor, and marked ont as site of a future town), Iber- 
ville departed again for France to obtain additional aid for the 
colony (he returned with troops and pi-ovisions in 1701), 
but did not remain many months in Louisiana. In 1708, he, 
as a distinguished naval officer, found a great deal to occujjy 
him in the Mar which broke out between Great Britain, Spain and 
France ; he could not, therefoi'c. personally look aftei" colonial 
matters, and sent iii his place his brother Chateaugue, with 
seventeen men and imi)lements of agricnlture. After winning 
celebrity by both land and sea, I)' Iberville died of yellow fever 
in San Domingo (some say Havana), July 9tli, 1706, regretted 
bitterly by the colonists and by France. 



SAUVOLLE. 

Sauvolle Avas the brother of D' Iberville and Bienville, and 
first royal Governor of Louisiana, being api^ointed to that posi- 
tion by Louis XIY in 1699. He was highly gifted mentally as 
well as charming in disposition, fitted to honor any court, 
brave, upright and true; but extremely delicate i)hysically; un- 
able to stand the deprivations and sufferings which fell to the lot 
of the colonists, worried in mind at his inability to protect them 
from hunger and disease, his frail constitution broke down com- 
pletely and he died suddenly at Biloxi, July 22d, 1701. 



BIENVILLE. 

Bienville was three times Governor of Louisiana, he suc- 
ceeded his brother Sauvolle in 1 701, his second term began in 1718, 
his third in 1732. During the first administration of Bienville, 
Louisiana was greatly injured by the commercial monopoly 
granted to Anthony Crozat for sixteen years; fortunately Crozat 
resigned his rights in 1717, after complete failure in his under- 
taking. Bienville, according to the King's desires, removed the 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 



seat of the colouj^ from Biloxi, which he left under charge of his 
cousin Boisbriant, to the western side of the Mobile river, near 
the present site of Mobile City. It was to i)ien\ille that were 
sent the first shii)ment of young girls from France as wives for 
the colonists; in 1705 he was delighted by the arrival of two 
sisters of charity, live priests, seventy-five soldiers, besides 
twenty-five more young girls and a tiuantity of provisions, goods, 
and ammunition. This same year an epidemic broke out in the 
colony and thirty-five persons perished. Bienville had many 
enemies, among those who were envious of him. La K^alle, in 
particular, was opposed to him, and in 1707 an effort was made 
to dismiss him from office and appoint DeMuys, instead, the 
attempt, fortunately, was futile, for DeMuys just at this time 
died in Havana, and Bienville remained Governor, ad interim, 
until the arrival of Cadillac. 

In 1718, Bienville became a second time Governor of Louis- 
iana. The great trouble of the Colony was now the exclusive 
trade privilege granted in 1717 to the Mississippi Company, 
under John Law, for twenty-seven years ; the privilege was 
returned to the King at the end of fourteen years ; it brought 
about the ruin of many, but was the indirect cause of increased 
prosperity in the commerce and agriculture of the Colony. The 
present site of ^ew Orleans was fixed on for the building of a 
city by Bienville in 1718; it was laid out, by his wish, in imita- 
tion of Eochefort ; as early as 1723 it was made the seat of gov- 
ernment ; "it contained at that time only a few wooden cot- 
tages, a SI ore-house, a small chapel and two hundred inhabi- 
tants," In May, of 1719, Bienville and his brother, Seringay, 
appeared with their ships and troops before Pensacola, with the 
purpose of capturing it, but the Spanish Governor made no 
defense, and it capitulated immediately, its command being- 
turned over to Chateaugue ; however, in two months it was 
recaptured by the Spanish to fall once more in the possession of 
France at a later date. 

January of 1721, there arrived from France three hundred 
colonists, and in March, two hundred from Germany. 

In 1723, Bienville had much trouble with the Indians, and 
with his personal enemies, who finally succeeded in having him 
recalled to France in January of 1724, to answer the charges 
they had made against him. 



6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



Before leaving Lonisiana he published in March the famous 
''Black Code/' 

lu 1732, Bienville was re-appoiuted Governor of Louisiana, 
and returned to it in ITo.), having been absent eight years ; he 
found it in a bad condition from disease and lack of provision, 
and the Indians in a state of disaffection. 

In 1734, Bienville had the troops quartered for the first time 
in comfortable bari-acks, \\hich he caused to be constructed iu 
iS[ew Orleans on each side of the square. 

In 1735 and 1736, there were great military preparations iu 
the Colon} for the purpose of making expeditions against the 
Indians. Bienville took his final departure from Louisiana in 
174:1, after having distinguished himself in the wars with the 
Indians. He was a man of genius, \igilant, courageous, 
humane and conciliating in nature. France is under deep obli- 
gations to him for his successful work in Louisiana. Pie died in 
Paris, March 7th, 1707. 



LAMOTHE CADILLAC. 

In 1712, Louis granted to Anthony Crozat, a merchant of 
the East Indies, the trade monopoly of Louisiana ; Crozat 
immediately obtained of the King thatLamothe Cadillac, a Gas- 
con by birth and captain of infantry in Canada, be appointed 
<TOvernor in 1713, Bienville was retained as Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor, in the mistaken hope that with his experience and supe- 
rior intellect he would guide Cadillac aright. The new Governor 
possessed a long xjedigree, but an empty purse; his intellect 
was limited, his self-conceit great; his disposition was a singular 
combination of courage, pride, morality, piety, vindictiveness, 
and disi>utatiousness. 

In Canada Cadillac had gained some military reputation : 
but in Louisiana he devoted all his energies to the discovery of 
mines, from whence he hoped to derive an immense fortune. He 
rendered himself obnoxious to the Indians whose affections he 
alienated from France, and made himself ridiculous iu the eyes 
of the colonists who nicknamed him the Black Prince, which 
caused the negToes to suppose he was of African descent. This 
soubriquet was giAcu him because he so constantly boasted an 
ancestor of his had entertained the Black Prince under his roof. 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 



Cadillac quarrelled with all of his subordinate officers, 
especially Bienville, who had i-efused to marry his daughter. To 
gratify his vindictiveness, he sent Bienville with a very interior 
11 limber of tioops to make war against the numerous tribe of 
Natchez Indians, who had murdered some Frenchmen; he hoped 
Bienville would either be killed or prove so unsuccessful as to 
be discharged from liis position : but Bienville was triumphant 
and earned additional laurels. Cadillac was tinally recalled in 
1710, much to llu- great joy of everyone. 



L)E L'EPINAY. 
I)e L'Epinay arrived in Louisiana March 9th, 1717, bring- 
ing to Bienville the cross of St. Louis, and a royal patent con- 
ceding to him by mean tenure in soccage Horn Island, on the 
coast of the present Htate of Alabama. De L'Epinay soon dis- 
agreed w illi Bienville; consequently two factions again divided 
the colony, and quarrels among the officers were of constant 
iccurrence. The most noted event during De L'Epinay's term 
of office was the resignation by Anthony Crozat of his right of his 
monopoly of Louisiana trade, which was caused by disgust at 
failure to bring about increase of emigration to the country oj- im- 
prove his own fortunes. Tiie trade privilege granted fo Crozat did 
not cease to exist, it was only transferred by the Duke of Or- 
leans, Regent during the minority of Louis XV, to a company 
iiiidcj- a ^Scotchman by the name of John Law : this company 
was tirst known as the West or Mississippi Company, and after- 
wards as the (Company of the Indies. De L'Epinay occupied 
the gubernatorial position for a few months only ; he caused 
extreme dissatisfaction by wisely prohibiting the sale of liquor 
to the Indians ; the colonists declared it to be their most protit- 
able article of commerce and their most powerful source of 
intiueuce over the Indians : hence they were pleased at De 
L'Epinay's removal. 



BOISBEIANT. 

Bienville being called to France January 16th, 1724, to 
answer charges made against him by his enemies in Louisiana, 
his cousin, Boisbriant, was appointed Governor, ad interim. 



8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



The affairs of the Mississippi Company continued to dete- 
riorate, the currency' of the colony to depreciate, and the popu- 
lation to decrease in number: it having become reduced from 5400 
white souls, which it was computed to be in 1721, to 1700 souls 
in 1724. Louisiana was daily losing favor in the eyes of France, 
and the government ordered that the greatest economy be used 
in its affairs, even going so far as to compel the reduction of its 
military forces from twenty companies to ten. 

During his administration Boisbriant promulgated a law 
for the protection of domestic animals, which was remarkably 
severe, going so far as to order the death of a person who would, 
without leave from proper authority, kill even his own cow or 
ho]"se. 

There being anticipation of war between Spain and England, 
in which France, as ally of Spain, would be called upon to join, 
Boisbriant issued a proclamation bidding the colonists to carry 
to the King's warehouses at New Orleans and Mobile, all the 
ammunition and provisions they could command, so as to be 
ready for it. Boisbriant being soon after summoned to France to 
answer complaints against his conduct, he was replaced by 
Perier. 



PERIER. 

Perier became, in 1725, Boisbriant's successor. The India 
Company, so as to attach him to its interests, presented him, 
in addition to his salary, a tract of land fronting on the river, 
besides a donation of eight negroes a year so long as he remained 
in office. 

Purler caused to be constructed the fii-st Louisiana levee in 
1727; il was over a mile in length and eighteen feet broad at its 
summit. This same year there arrived from France the Jesuit 
Fathers and some Ursuline Xuns. To the first was granted a 
portion of land, which afterwards became very valuable, and 
within the limits of which are now situated St. Mary's Market, 
St. Charles Hotel and the Cotton Exchange. This was after- 
wards confiscated by order of the French Government, when the 
Jesuits were expelled, in 1763. To the Ursulines also some laud 
was given, and a yearly income which was to be continued until 



THE GOVERNOES OF LOUISIANA. 



their plantation could be made to support them. A residence 
was built lor them on Conde, now Chartres street; this they took 
iwssessiou of in 1730. This same building was used in 1831 as 
tlie State House, and is now the Archbishopric. The Ursuline 
Nuns were intended for the care of Hospitals and the education 
of young girls. A boys' school liad previously been started in 
1724 by Father Cyril, a Capuchin friar. 

In 1728, another interesting event took place, the arrival ol' 
the tlrst of the casket girls from France. These were especially 
chosen for their good conduct as wives for the colonists, and 
were dowered by the King. The girls who had preceded them 
had been taken from houses of correction . 

In November of 1729, began the series of massacres by the 
^Natchez and other tribes of Indians which tilled the hearts of 
the colonists for so long with terror. These had their origin in 
the tyranny and rapaciousness of Chopart, the French ofticer 
commanding the white settlement at Natchez. Perier resorted 
to violent measures to make the Indians feel his power ; not 
ouly did he meet them on the battlefield, and build many small 
forts to protect the whites from them, but he caused the negroes 
to cut the throats of the Caouaches, a small tribe living near 
New Orleans, and which had threatened its safety. The negroes 
obeyed his orders with promptness and secresy. He had four 
men and two women j)risoners belonging to the Natchez tribe to 
be burned to death as an example. He also permitted the 
friendly Tunica Indians to burn a captured Natchez squaw with 
great ceremonies on a platform erected in front of the city. 
These acts of retaliation only enraged the savages more than 
ever and caused them to commit other depredations, so that he 
was compelled to send to France for soldiers to assist him. The 
India Company, disheartened by the state of affairs, disappointed 
in their anticipations, concluded they could no longer support 
the expense of the colony and resigned their privilege of trade 
monopoly to the King in 1731. There now occurred in Louisiana 
a tinancial crisis, the result of the withdrawal from the money 
market of the company's bonds. 

In 1732, the Superior Council of Louisiana was reorganized, 
with Perier as one of the King's Lieutenant Governors, and, iu 



10 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 

1733. Bienville returned once mote to Louisiana as its Governor 
for the third time. 

Note.— A singular incident uccun-cd at the time of llie massacre of the wliites 
at Natchez in 1729; the Indians spared the life of a man named Lebeau because he 
was a tailor and compelled liim to retit all tlie ilotliiii'; of Hit- dead so as to be worn 
by themselves. 



VAUDEEUIL. 

Vaudreuil succeeded to the administration of the ijrovince 
in 1743 ; five years afterwards Louisiana was swept by a fearful 
hurricane which destroyed all the rice crop, and, in 1748, the 
orange trees were, foi- the tirst time, killed by the extraordinary 
severity of the winter. A compensation for these losses came 
to the colonists in 1751, when the Jesuits of St. Domingo sent 
to their Order, on the Mississippi, a gift of the first sugar canes 
which e\'er entered the colony ; this they accompanied l)y a 
present of slaves accustomed to its culture, and the cane w as 
planted on the Jesuit Plantation, afterwards the Faubourg Ste. 
Marie. An other item connected with this period, which 
should be remembered, is the writing of the first literary pro- 
duction of Louisiana, by Leblauc de Villeneuve, an ofdcer of the 
garrison : it was a tragedy founded on the assassination of a 
strange Indian by a Choetan. This latter tied to Xew Orleans 
for safety ; the relatives of the murdered man followed and 
demanded his .surrender of the Governor. N'audreuil ordered 
his arrest, but he escaped, and his father, to secure him from 
further pursuit, offered his own life instead. The irate relatives 
accepted the compiomise, and the noble old brave endured tor- 
ture and death without tiinching. 

Vaudreuil conceded to Deruisseau the exclusive right of 
trading for live years in all the country watered by the Missouri 
and the streams falling iuto that river. He also encouraged 
the delusion tliat vast mineral wealth, mines of gold and silver, 
existed in Louisiana. Finding himself in need of money for 
colonial uses, he created notes of fiom twenty to thirty livres to 
be given in payment of the King's debts, and to be exchanged 
for all other jjapers, obligations and bonds. This brought down 
on him the disj)leasure of Fi-ance. Vaudreuirs salary was larger 
than that of any preceding Governor, and he had under him the 
largest military force ever seen in Louisiana. 



THE GOVERNORIS OF LOUISIANA. . ' 11 



In 1753, Yaudreuil left Louisiana to l)ecome Governor of 
( 'auada, Avliere lie distinj>uished himself in 1756 by bis resistance 
to the English invasion. Yaudreuil' s administration in Louisi- 
ana was a brilliant t'pocli. long remenibt'i-ed with ph'asnre by 
the i)eoph% who always spoke of him as the (treat Marquis. 



KERLEEEC. 

Kerlerec was a distinguishetl naval officer of 25 years' active 
ser\ice. During the term of this Governor's administration, the 
French were dri\'en by the English from Nova Scotia, and 
refugeed in Louisiana where, during twelve months, Kerlerec 
supplied each one with the pay and rations of a soldier, besides 
granting them land, and furnishing thejn with agrieidtural im- 
plements. The disagreements and lighting betwixt the English 
and French terminated in the complete overthrow of the power 
of France. A treaty of peace was signed at Paris, 1762, by 
which all the territory to which France had claims on the left bank 
of the Mississippi were ceded to Great Britain, excepting the 
Island of Xew Orleans, as also were the port and river of Mobile, 
and all the conquests the tirst country had made of the latter in 
America. This disaster added to the population of Louisiana, 
foi* the ( -anadians preferred a remo\'al to its shores to a continu- 
ance undei' British rule. Many Indians also objected to it, and 
removed to New Orleans from Baton Kouge, Natchez and Mo- 
bile, so as to avoid being placed under it. Kerlerec granted 
them lands on the west of the Mississippi ; for this kindly act 
the King- oi France sent him to the Bastile, and he died soon 
after being liberated. The Ohoctaws had bestowed on him the 
uame of Father of the Ohoctaws. 



I)" ABBADIE. 
One of the noted events of this Governor's administration 
was the expulsion of the Jesuits fiom Louisiana, and the confis- 
cation of their property, in 1764, by order of the French King. 
An occurrence of still greater importance was the cession, by 
secret treaty, in 1765, through obedience to an order of Louis 



12 • BIOGRAPHIC AT- SKETCHES OF 



XV, to Spain, of all the remaining French possessions in Loni- 
siana. DWbbadie died befui-e the cession was effected, and tlie 
position of Governor passed, for the time being, to Anln-y. 



AUBEY. 

In 1766, Charles III sent out Don zVntonio de Ulloa, whom 
lie liad appointed Governor, to take formal possession of Lonis- 
iana for Spain. The Frencli in tliat Colony were thrown into a 
great state of excitement by this event, and bitterly hated 
Anbry, who connseled them to moderation in their acts of 
opposition. Anbry sni'rendered Lonisiana to Ulloa at the 
Balize. 



SPANISH DOMINION 



ULLOA 1767 

O'EEILLY , 176J> 

YXZAGA 1770 

GALVEZ 1777 

MIKO 1784 

CARONDELF/r 1792 

DE LEMOS 17<>7 

C"ASA(\VLV() 1790 

tSALCEDO ISOl 



DON ANTON JO DE ILLOA. 

nUoa was at first treated with indififeren(;e by the people oi' 
Louisiana, and even permitted to examine the conntry, for they 
could not believe Spain really intended to take possession of 
Louisiana. 

In 17(37, the yellow fever appeared in New Orleans for the 
first time. The citizens, imagining they contracted it from the 
Spaniards, became still more excited against them, and when, on 
a demand of the Superior Council, IJlloa refused to pi'oduce his 
credentials, they were firmlj^ convinced Spain had lost all 
desire to claim their colony, and insisted on his expulsion from 
it. The Council allowed TTlloa one month in which to make 
public his authorization fi'om the King, or else to leave the 
Province ; the citizens took up arms against him, and he chose 
the latter course, as lie had not sufficient troops with him to 
oppose them. 



DON ALESSANDKO O'REILLY. 

In 1769, France, as a last act of clemency towards Louisi- 
ana, relieved it from all its financial difftculties. Soon after 
this u'ood fortune occurred the noted event w^hich inaugurated 
Spanish rule in Louisiana, namely : the arrival of O'Reilly, 



14 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OV 



who reached the entrance of the Mississippi on the 27th of July, 
having witli him one trifiate, twenty-eight transports, four 
thouvsand nine hundred men, a (piantity of arms and ammuui- 
tion. Lafreniere, (xrandmaisou and Marent were sent to sig- 
nify to him the subnussion of the colony : he promised a mikl. 
paternal government. On July 2Sth he landed at New Orleans, 
marched with his troops in battle array to the French garrison, 
where they were received by Anbry. The white flag of France 
was lowered, that of Spain hoisted ; thus ended French domi- 
nion on the shores of the Mississippi after an existence of seventy 
years, and Louisiana became a dependence of Spain. 

O'Reilly, who was now (rovei'uor. was of Irish birth, but. 
visiting Spain, at the head of some Irish troops, ingratiated 
himself in the favor of the King who ev<M-whelmed him with 
favors. He is said to have been small, thin, lame, disagreeable 
but striking in a])pearance, mean, cruel, vindictive, ambitious 
in dis])Osition and tilled with hatred of the French. 

The following were some of the most noted acts of O'Reilly 
during his gubernatorial term : he took the census of New Or- 
leans the year of his arrival, and found it contained only three 
thonsand one hundred and ninety inhabitants. He a-ri-ested 
many citizens of Louisiana who opposed him, cansing five to be 
shot and others to be imprisoned for life in the Moro Castle at 
Havana. The Cabildo. or Grand Council, was organized by 
him, and Castilian laws substituted for the French ; he also 
made regulations respecting unoccupied lands, placed a tax on 
taverns, coffee houses, billiard rooms, boarding houses, the 
slaughter house, and on liquors. The purchasing of prisoners 
from the Indians, so as to save them from tortnre. and theii- use 
as slaves on plantations was recognized by him. To prevent the 
French from returning to France, as many, dissatisfied witli 
Spanish rule, wished to, O'Reilly issued oi-ders no more pass- 
ports should be granted. O'Reilly returned to Spain in 1770. 



X,,py — j5y jvttentiou tn iiicidi'iits occurring during l^lloa's and o'Keilly's terms, 
it will be seen the Creoles of Louisiana were the first jieople in America to make open 
war distinctly for the expulsion of European rule; and as early as 1717 Cadillac, and 
later in 1726, Valdeterre, Kinfi's Commissioner, complained of the " repulilican spirit" 
of the Tjouisianians. 



YNZAGA. 

Ynzaga was the successor of O'Reilly ; he administered the 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 17 



taxed each chimney one dollar and tAvelve and a half cents. He 
encouraged the importation of slaves, exempting vessels em- 
ployed in it and their cargoes from dnty, while, at the same 
time, he published regulations for the welfare of slaves. Caron- 
delet tVn-titied the cit> in ITO.S by two forts, one above and one 
l>elow it, and by three redoubts: he also built Fort St. Philip 
and a smaller one o[)posit»', near the mouth of the Mississippi, 
at the same time organizing a militia of six thousand men. 
Commercial prosperity now blessed New (Orleans. Oarondelet 
at this period caused a canal to be dug, which, while it drained 
the city, made easy communication between Xew Orleans, 
Mol)ile and Pensacola, 

Don Andreas de Al monaster furnished the greatest assist- 
ance to Oarondelet in all his i)lans for the improvement of New 
Orleans, ami, from the proceeds of his own liberal fortune, built 
the St. Louis Cathedral, City Hall and the Charity Hospital, ' 
which he endowed, besides other buildings. 

During Carondelet's term of office many French settled in 
Louisiana, receiving each $100, besides having the expenses of 
his voyage paid. Some received large grants of land. The 
Marquis de Maison Rouge was granted 210,000 acres, Baron de 
Bastrop 881, 58.'}, and Delassus 10,000. About this time an 
insurrection occurred among the slaves, but was immediately 
crushed by severe measures. 

In 1794, Le Moniteur de la Lonisiarie, the lirst regular news- 
pajier of the colony, was i)ublished. 

Carondelet was a shoil -sized plnmp gentleman, somewhat 
cholei'ic in dis])osition, but not destitute of good nature, firm, 
pi'udent, active, a man of business capacity, and both popular 
and respected. 

Note.— New Orleans beiui? for a second time almost destroyed by fire, in 
1794, (Governor de (Oarondelet advised the; general nse of tile roofing, which previ- 
ously had been used only in particular instances: and from that time it came into 
universal use. 



UAYOSO DE LEMOS. 

Brigadier General Gayoso de Lemos became Governor 1797. 
During his occupancy of the gubernatorial position commerce 
continued to flourish ; the United States sent a Consul to New 
Orleans, and, in 1798, the city was visited by the Duke of Orleans, 

2 



18 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 

afterward Louis XVI, and his two brotliers tlie Duke de Mont- 
pensiei- and the Count de Beaujolais. (xovernor Gayoso died 
July 18th, 1798, after liaving, byliis exti-avagant tastes, spent the 
whole of his large fortune. 



MAEQUIS DE CASACALVO Y O'FxVRETL. 

The oftice of Governor being left vacant by the death of 
Gayoso de Lemos, the Mari^uis of Casacalvo was sent from Cul)a 
to act as Governor, ad interim. In the early part of 1799, Casa- 
calvo solicited that the unlimited introductions of negroes be 
again permitted; but was refused by the Madiid Cabinet. In 
June of 1801, Casacalvo, being replaced by Salcedo, retired to 
Havana. 

Casacalvo is said to have been a man of violent temper. 



DON MANUEL DE SALCEDO. 

Dou Manuel de Salcedo was a Brigadier General in the 
Spanish army; he came to New Orleans in June of 1801. By 
secret article of ti-eaty at St. lldefonso, concluded in 1800, Spain 
had agreed to transfer Louisiana to France in payment for the 
Kingdom of Etruria; but not until March 26th, 1803, did Mon- 
sieur Laussat, Prefet Colonial, land at New Orleans to take pos- 
session of Louisiana for Napoleon 1st. He was received with 
great rejoicing by the people Avho, in spite of Spanish i-ule, 
remained French at heart. 

Immediately upon hearing of this retrocession the President 
of the ITnited States instructed Robert Livingston, American 
Minister at Paris, to negotiate for the acquisition of New Orleans 
and the surrounding territory; he was successful, and, on Api'il 
30th, 1803, the treaty was signed by which, for tifteen millions 
of dollai'S, Louisiana was purchased by the United States. On 
November 30th, 1803. Louisiana was ceded to France through 
Laussat, after having belonged to Spain a little over thii-ty-four 
years, but the tricolor floated only twenty days over the Prov- 
ince, for on December 20th, in presence of all the militia and 
a large concourse of citizens, collected on the public square in 



THE GOYEENORS OF LOUISIANA. 19 



front of the City Hall, Claiborne and Wilkinson, American Coin- 
uiissioners, received the cession of Louisiana to the United States; 
tlie French tiag- was lowered, the American one went up, batteries 
w eie discharged, the Province became part of the Union, the 
colonial history of Louisiana was ended. Within ninety-six 
years Louisiana hdd changed hands six times; it passed from 
Louis Xn', in 1712, to the commercial dominions of Anthony 
Cj'ozal: from him, in 1717, to the Compagnie de P Occident; from 
that, in 1731, totheundelegatedantliority of Louis XV; fromhim, 
in 17()2, to Spain; from Spain, in KSOl, back to France; in 1803, 
from Fi-ance to the United States. 



AMERICAN DOMINION. 



W. C. C. CLAIBORNE, Governor of Territory of Oileans..l804 

W. C. C. CLAIBORXE, Governor of Louisiiuia 1812-lG 

JACQUES YILLER]^ 1816-L>0 

THOMAS B. ROBERTSON 18l>0-24 

HENRY S. THIBODAUX 1824 

HENRY JOHNSON 1824-28 

PIERRE DERBIGNY 1828-29 

ARMAND BEAUVAJS 1829 

JACQUES DUPRE.. 1829-31 

ANDREW B. ROMAN 1831-35 

EDWARD D. WHITE 1835-39 

ANDREW B. ROMAN 1839-43 

ALEXANDER MOUTON 1843-40 

ISAAC JOHNSON 1840-50 

JOSEPH M. WALKER 1850-53 

PAUL O. HEBERT 1853-50 

ROBERT C. WICKLIFFE 1850-00 

THOMAS O. MOORE 1800-04 

HENRY W. ALLEN, under C. S. A 1804-05 

MICHAEL HAHN, under U. S. A 1804-05 

J. MADISON WELLS, acting U.S. A 1805-07 

JOSHUA BAKER, Appointed by military authority 1807 

BENJ. F. FLANDERS^ Appointed by military authority..l807 

HENRY" C. WARMOTH 1808-73 

JOHN MoENERY— de jure 1873 

W. P. KELLOGG— de facto 1873-77 

STEPHEN B. PACKARD 

FRANCIS T. NICHOLLS 1877-79 

LOUIS A. WILTZ 1879-81 

SAMUEL D. McENERY 1881 



THE GOA^EKNOE^^ OF LOUISIANA. 21 



WM. CHARLES COLE CLAIBORNE. 

Wm. C. C. Claiborne, a Virginian by birth, was the first Gov- 
ernor of the State of Louisiana. In his early youth he removed 
to New York, where he met a friend whose influence obtained 
Cor him the position of enrolling clerk in the House of Represen- 
tatives of the United States Congress, in 1791. Later on he 
studied law in Richmond, Virginia, aftei-wai'ds settling in Sulli- 
van County, Territory of Tennessee, w here he began the prac- 
tice of his profession. Claiborne was chosen member of the 
Convention which framed the Constitution of Tennessee when 
it became a State ; subsequently he was elected by the Legisla- 
ture Judge of the Supreme Couit of Law and Equity ; this he 
resigned to become Rej^resentative in Congress in 1797 ; lie was 
re elected to the same position in 1799. when his ^'ote. as mem- 
ber from Tennessee, decided the pi'esidential contest in favor of 
Jefferson over Aaron Burr. In July, 1801, Jefferson appointed 
Claiborne Governor of the Mississippi Territory. While still 
holding this position he was commissioned November lOth. 1803, 
in conjunction with General Wilkinson, to accept the transfer of 
the pi'ovince of Louisiana to the TTnited States. He was then 
appointed G()^'ernoT-General of the pi'ovince for the term of three 
years. The appointment of an Ameiican to this high position 
gave dissatisfaction to the French, and they demanded of Con- 
gress that a Governor be cliosen from two candidates of their 
own selection. The request was not asquiesced to. The Territory 
of Orleans was created March 2d, 1805. Governor Claiborne 
resigned the control of the Territory of Mississippi to assume 
that of the former. This vSame year New Orleans was incorpo- 
rated as a city ; a branch of the first bank of the United States, 
a library, some insurance comj)anies and a university were 
located within its limits. In 180(i, many new laws were enacted 
and murder made ]mnishable by death. In 1809. five thousand 
nine hundred and seven French, who had refugeed to Havana 
Irom St. Domingo, left it on account of trouble between France 
and Spain, and. bringing their slaves with them, made their 
homes in Louisiana. C'laiborne. in 1810. took possession ol" 
Baton Rouge and Mobile, which, up to that period, were still 
held by Spain. When, in 1812, the Territory of Orleans 
])ecame, by act of Congress, a State, and i-eceived again the name 



22 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 

of Ijonisiana, Claiborne, wlioliad by this time wontlie admiration 
of the people, was chosen by them Governor ovei' Villere and Des- 
trehan, two very jjopular and influential citizens. The use of the 
French ltnguag:e was now discontinued in public acts, and the 
legislative power war formed into a Senate and House of Eepre- 
sentatives. This year was further marked by the first steand^oat 
arrival at the levee of New Orleans, the boat itself bearing the 
name of Orleans. 

On January 8th, 1815. was fought the Battle of Ncm' Orleans, 
and in December of 181(i, (lovernor Claiboriu^'s occupancy of 
the Executive chair terminated. He had been for twenty years 
in the public service of his country. He was now ineligible for 
re-election, but the people, who had learned to appreciate him 
at his proper value, determined he should not remain a private 
citizen, and he was elected by the Legislature of Louisiana to 
represent that State in the Senate of the Ignited States, in Janu- 
ary of 1817. Death prevented the completion of his term. He 
passed from life November 23d, 1817, admiied, beloved, re- 
gretted, having, by his iiitegrity, courage and patriotism, gained 
the good will of his fellow citizens, even of those who at first 
looked upon him with disfavor because he was an Ameiican and 
stranger. 

Governor C-laiborne was, by his three mai'riagc^s, connected 
with some of the very first families of Tennessee and Louisiana, 
the Lewises, Duraldes and Bosques, and, by that of his daughter, 
with Mandeville de Marigny. 

Note.— Up to the time of the cession of Louisiana hy France to the IJnitetl 
States JSew Orleans was regularly fortified; aUer that time the fortifications were 
entirely demolished. Previously, the inhabitants passed in and out by means of 
four large sates, which were defended by military works and mounted with heavy 
cannon. These gates were closed each night at the hour of nine. After that liour 
no one was permitted to walk the streets without the (governor's permission. 



JAMES PHILIP VILLEEE. 

James Philip Villere, who succeeded Govei-nor Claiborne, in 
1817, was the first Creole chosen to control the destinies of his 
native State. He was the sou of Louise Marguerite de la Chaise, 
granddaughter of the Chevalier d'Arensbourg, and of Josei^h 
Koy de Villere, Naval Secretary of Louisiana under Louis X\, 
and victim of O'Keilly. His grandfather, Etienue Boy de 



THE GOVEENOKS OF LOUISIANA. 23 



Viller6, had accompanied d' Iberville in his first voyage to the 
Mississippi. Thus it will be seen young Villere had a right, by 
virtue of his ancestry, to inherit talent which would make 
him a man of mark. In addition to this advantage he enjoyed a 
second, a careful education given him at the expense of Louis 
XVI, as reparation for the death of his fathei- at O'Reilly's 
hands. 

In 1780, at the early age of twenty, Villere received from 
the King an appointment as first lieutenant of artillery in a 
regiment at St. Domingo. After a few years he resigned and 
returned to Louisiana. 

Fn 17(S4, he married the daughter of Gabriel Fazende, mem- 
ber of the First Colonial Council, and henceforward devoted his 
time CO the cultivation of sugar on his plantation, .seven miles 
below the city, on the river. It was on this plantation Packen- 
ham's armv encamped when he was advancing on Xew Orleans, 
he making of Villere's residence his own head(iuarters. 

Major Gabi'iel Villere, son of Philip Villere. was surprised 
in the house, but, jumping thiough a window, made his escape 
amidst a volley of shots, and. hastening to Xew Orleans, apprised 
fleneral Jackson of the landing of tlu^ British. 

Philip Villei'6 participated in the battle of New Orleans as 
Majoi' Ceneial of the State Militia. In this he won great dis- 
tinction, and his gallant conduct was highly complimented by 
Jackson. He had been, in 1812, a member of the Convention 
which framed the first Constitution of the State of Louisiana, 
and, in bSKi. succeeded Claiborne as Governor. In this caxmcity 
he made strong efforts to pi-event unlimited emigration, as 
through it thei'c came to the State so many evil disposed persons 
dangerous to its well being. Under his care the prosperity of 
Louisiana increased. Sugar became the most important crop, 
there being little tess than forty million capital invested in it. 
Good fortune smiled on New Orleans, her warehouses increased 
in number, ships and steamboats filled her port, real estate rose 
in value, her limits were extended, new laws for her welfare 
were created, and a Second Bank of the Ignited States was incor- 
porated. 

Governor Villei'e died on his plantation March 7th, 1830, 
full of vears and honors. 



24 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



THOMAS BOLLIKG EOBEKTSON. 

Thomas Boiling Eobertson, aVirginiau, became Louisiana's 
Governor in 1820 ; lie was not only the embodiment of the ideal 
Virginia gentleman, but a man of unswerving j)rinciples, possess- 
ing a high order of intellect and education ; by profession he was a 
lawyer. Young Eobertson removed from Virginia to the Terri- 
tory of Orleans in 1805, and soon after was named, by Grovernor 
Claiborne, its Attorney General. President Jefferson appointed 
him Secretary of the Territory in 1807, with right to the Execu- 
tive Chair, in case of the Govei-noi-'s absence, sickness or death: 
in the last case, until apx)ointment of a new successor by the 
President, and for five months of 1808 he acted as United States 
District Attorney for the Teiritory. He was the fii'st Repre- 
sentative elected to the United States Congress from Louisiana 
after she became a State ; this position ill health forced limi to 
resign, in 1818. In July, of 1820, he was elected Governor of 
Louisiana. He showed himself in every way true to the Tel- 
fare of the State. He furthered, by all means in his power, 
popular education. During his period of office the Legion of 
Louisiana was formed ; for juany years the finest militaiy 
organization in the Union. There being few good roads in the 
State, an act was passed for making a I'oad from Xew Orleans to 
the State frontier, in the direction of Xashville : proprietors 
whose lands it crossed, and those within fifty miles, were 
required to contribute to its repaii'S. 

In 1823, the Legislative Assembly authorized six gambling 
houses to be established in New Orleans, on condition that each 
would pay annually five thousand dollars towards the support 
of the Charity Hospital and the College of Orleans. It was also 
in 1823 that the first theatre in Xcav Orleans, called the Ameri- 
can, was erected by James H. Caldwell, a citizen of great enter- 
prise, who was also the first to introduce gas for street lighting. 

Tn November, of 1824, Governor Eobertson resigned his 
office to accept, at the hands of President Monroe, the United 
States Judgeship for the Louisiana District ; he remained on the 
bench until sickness forced his withdrawal : he died October 
5th, 1828. Louisiana has cause to be proud of Governor Eob- 
ertson, as has Virginia to be of his brothers, Wyndham and John 
Eobertson. The wife of (rovernor Eobertsou was a beautiful 
and gifted woman, daughter of Governor Fulwar Skipwith, of 
West Florida, and Miss Vanderclooster, a Flemish Countess. 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 25 



HENRY SCHUYLER THIBODAUX. 

H. S. Thibodaux was born in Albany, I^. Y., in ]7()1). his 
father being Alexis Thibodaux, of Canada. He was orphaned 
in infancy by the death of his mother and raised by the Schuyler 
family. His early days were passed in Scotland. On coming- 
to Louisiana, in 1794. he settled on a plantation in Acadia, now 
called St- James Parish, and afterwards i-emoved to Bayou 
Lafourche, near the si^ot where stands at present the town which 
bears his name, Thibodauxville. 

Ml-. Thibodaux tilled various public offices, always with 
credit to himself and his adopted State. 

In 1805, he was elected member of the Teri'itorial Jx'gisla- 
ture : in 1808, Justice of the Peace for Lafourche County, 
including at that j^eriod Assumption, Lafourche and Teri'e- 
bonne ; in 1811, he was a delegate to the convention which, in 
1812, framed the first Constitution of the State of Louisiana. 
He was three times elected Senatoi" of the General Assembly for 
the district of Lafourche. A portion of Lafourche was, by his 
efforts wlu'u in the Legislature, incorporated as Terrebonne 
Parish. 

In 1824, ^Ir. Thibodaux, in his right as President of the 
State Senate, completed as acting (Jovernor the unexpired term 
of Governor Robertson. 

Mr. Thibodaux married a granddaughter of the great 
French navigator and discoveier of Canada in 1534, Jacfjues 
Cartier. 



HENRY JOHNSON. 

For a third time was the highest office within the gift of the 
peoph' of Louisiana bestowed on a son of Viiginia when, in 1824, 
they chose Henry Johnson to be their Governor. He was an 
urbane, courteous, chivalric gentleman of the old school; hon- 
orable and talented, possessed of a keen insight into human 
nature, and a strong sense of justice and right. 

Pi-evious to his election, Mr. Johnson had occupied various 
])ositious of public tiust. In 1809, he Avas Clerk of {he Second 
Su])erior Court for the Tei'ritory ; in 1811, he became Judge of 
St. Mary, incorporated at Ihat time from the southern portion 



26 BIOGRAPHICAL .SKETCHES OF 



of 8t. Martin's Parish. The County of Attakapas elected him 
member of the Constitutional Convention of 1812, and, in. January 
of 1818, he was chosen by the Legislature to till the vacant seat 
of Covernoi' Claiborne in the United States Senate. Go\ei'nor 
Johnson was a noted leader of the Whig party in Louisiana. 
His administration was a very satisfactory one. Jn 1842, he ran 
a second time for the GoAernorship. but was defeated by Alex- 
ander Mouton, the democratic candidate. From 183.5 to 1839 
Governor Johnson had represented his adoi)ted State in the 
Congressional House of Eepresentatives, and, in January of 
1844, he was elected to till the vacant seat of Alexander Porter, 
in the United States Senate. 

While in the Senate he ])re.sented to that body the resolu 
tions of the Louisiana Legislature favoring the annexation of 
Texas, and also a memorial from the St. Mary Sugar planters, 
pleading for a repeal of the tariff of 1846. It was while John- 
son was Governor that a highly commended code of civil hnv. 
and a system of rules for the regulation of legal ])roceedings, 
were drawn up by Edwai'd Livingston, under the direction and 
at the expense of the State; it is also to Livingston that Louis- 
iana is indebted for her penal code. It was also during John- 
son's term that the Bank of Louisiana was created, its capital 
being four million, the State taking half the stock; the Plant- 
ers' Banking Association too was formed at this time with a 
fund of two million. General Lafayette visited Louisiana as the 
Guest of the Nation while Johnson was at the head of the State, 
in 182.5, and, in 1827, under his guidance still. Louisiana gave evi- 
dence of her gratitude to Thomas Jefferson by presenting two 
thousand dollars to his family. The vacant seat of Charles M. 
Coni'ad in the Lower House of Congress was contested with Judr^e 
Bullard, by Governor Johnson in 18.50; he was unsuccessful; he 
afterwards retired to his plantation in Point e Coupee, where he 
died, at the age of eighty-eight years, in 18()7. His Avife was Miss 
Key of Maryland, and he lies by her side in a tree shadowed 
grave where the rippling waters of the Grosse Tete and Maringoin 
meet. 



PIERRE DERBIGNY. 

Pierre Auguste Charles Bourisgay Derbigny. elected July 
1828, fifth Governor of Louisiana, a talented and eloquent man, 



THE GOVERNOKS OF L()UIf<lANA. • 27 



was aFj'encliiiian of noble birth. Compelled to leave Fiance 
(lurinii'the tearful days of revolution he tirst went to San Doniingo, 
and fioni thenee to the Tnited States, remaining- for a while in 
Pittsbnr<ih, Pennsylvania, where he married the sister of the 
French Commandant, Chevalier Pierre De Hanlt De Lassus De 
Lozier. Mr. Derbigny seems to have been seeking a climate 
akin to that of his native connti'y for he I'emoved from Pennsyl- 
vania to Missonri. from there to Florida, finally making his 
home in Louisiana. Mr. J )erbigny\s talents soon obtained recog- 
nition in New Orleans; in I<S(),S, he acted as Mayor Borsee's Secre- 
tary: the later i)art of the same year his linguistic acquirements 
caused Governor Claiborne to ai)i)oint him to the important 
position of Interpreter of Languages for the Territory. He was 
at different times Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, Secretary 
of the LegislatiA'e Coui»cil, Mendier of the Lower House of the 
tirst State Legislature, .Judge of the Supreme Court, twice Secre- 
tary of State and Regent of the Central and Primary Schools 
of New Oi'leans. 

Ml'. Derbigny had th<' honor of delivering the tirst Fourth 
of July oration made in the Tenitory: he was also entrusted 
with the entire management of the lousiness affairs in Louisiana 
of his personal friend. General Lafayette. After Mi'. Deiingny's 
death. General Ijafayette's ])owei' of attorney was continued in 
the hands of his son. Charles Derbigny, In 1820, the first license 
to run a steam ferry across the ri\er at Xew Orleans was granted 
to Pierre Derbigny and a few associates. 

Seated in the Executive ('hair. 1.5th December, 1S2.S, 
Governor Derbigny grasped the reins of State Go\'erninent in a 
way which gave promise of a brilliant administration; but alas! 
the shadow of death was hovering near. October 1st, 1,S29, his 
horses ran away with his carriage, he was thrown from it and so 
severely injured as to die five days afterwards. The entire 
State of Louisiana was grief-stricken at the sudden can-ying off' 
of one whose part predicted so much for his future, and the com- 
munity of New Orleans gave signal proof of the love and respect 
his pure patriotism and noble qualities had won from them, by 
turning out as a single body to his funeral. 



AKMAND BEAUVAIS. 
Mr. Beauvais, a Creole of Louisiana, being at the date of 



28 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHP^S OF 

Governor Derbigiiy's death President of the Senate and ex-officio 
Lientenant Governor, snceeeded, by eonstitntional ri.2;ht, to the 
Executive Chaii-. which he occupied nntil January 14th, 183(». 
In ISIO, lie had filled the office of Justice of the Peace in IV)inte 
Coupee Parish, and. in 1S14, been elected tothe Lower House of 
the State Legislature, to Avhich iiosition he was twice re-elect''d 
afterwards. 

From 182li to IS.'JO, Governor Beanvaiswasa continuons mem- 
ber of the State Senate ; in the latter year he made an unsuc- 
cessful run for Governor against A. B. Roman, the successful 
competitor. Fi'om January 31, 1883, until in 1834, Mr. Beau- 
vais was State Senator, in lieu of Mr. Chenevert, who had 
resisi'ued. 



JAGQITES DUPKE. 
Jaciines I)u])re being elected President ])ro tern, of the State 
Stmate. he became ex-officio Lieutenant Governor : hence suc- 
ceeded Armand Beauvais in filling the incompleted term of 
(xovernor Derbigny ; this h(^ did only temporarily, from January, 
14, 1830, to January 31, 1831. There l)eing no law ])roviding for 
the election of a Chief Magistrate until the entire tei-m of four 
years belonging tothe preceding one had expired. Governor 
Dupre conld have retained the post much longer. This was not 
his desire, and he yielded the ]>osition to Governor-elect Roman, 
who assumed control of the State ; the seat of government having 
been again transferred to Xew Orleans, which was moi'e conve- 
nient for business than Donaldsonville. Governor Duj^re's early 
education had been somewhat limited ; but his strong, practical 
common sense, compensated, in a great measure, for this ; he 
was a man of wealth, being a large stock i-aiser in his native 
county of Opelousas ; in fact, he is rei)orted to have owned more 
cattle than any other man in Louisiana at that time. 

NoTK. — The Railroad (Company of Pontclmrti-iiiii was incorporalfd in ls.il, being 
thenfth of the kind in the TTnited States. 



ANDREW BIE:^VENU ROMAN. 

Andrew B. Roman was one of Louisiana's distinguished 
Creoles : he was born in Opelousas, March 5, 1795, but was 
raised on his.father's sugar plantation in the Parish of St. James; 



THE GOVERNOES OF LOUISIANA. 29 

he received his education at St. Mary' s College, uear Baltimore, 
graduating at that institution iu July, 1815. On reaching the 
years of manhood lie purchased a sugar plantation in JSt. .lames, 
which became his permanent home. He represented his paiish 
in the House of Representatives for the lirst time in 1S18; he 
was several times re-elected ; was for four years Speaker, after 
which he received, at the reipu'st of his constituents, the appoint 
ment of Parish Judge. 

Elected in IS'M) Governor of the State, (iovernor Komaii 
entered upon his executive duties January ."^1, 1831 ; he was as 
prominent foi- his literai-y tastes as he was ]Jolitically, and 
founded Jefferson College. He had the welfare of his State at 
heart in every way ; by his untiring efforts the water courses of 
Louisiana wei-e cleared of rafts, and a company formed to drain 

t the swamp lands around New Orleans aad protect it from over- 
flow ; to him also is due the construction of the Penitentiary at 
Baton Eouge. 

He recommended the formation of a State Agiicultural 
Society. This proposition was acted upon by the Legislature, a 
model farju was started, but the indifference of the planters 
killed the project. 

In 1834, he not only heartily endorsed the incorporation, by 
the Legislature, of the New Orleans Chamber of Commerce, but 
urged it warmly. 

When Governor Eoman's term of office expiied, in 1835, he 
retired to private life only to be called again to the same posi- 
tion in 1838, when his capable and faithful fulfillment of his 
duties added fresh laurels to those which already crowned his 
life. Not even after two terms of arduous service was he to be 
left to the enjoyment of home life. He was elected to the Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1845, sent to Europe in 1848 as agent 
of the Consolidated Association and Citizens' Bank, on business 
of importance. He was* elected to the Constitutional Convention 
of 1852, and to the Secession Convention of 1861. Governor 

• Roman was a Whig in politics and a Unionist, but yielded his 
private opinion to that of the majority, and united his fate to 

■ that of his State and fellow-citizens. 

I He had the honor to be one of the three Commissioners sent 

I by the Confederate Government, at Montgomery, Ala., to Wash- 
ington City for the purpose of securing a peaceable separation 



30 BIOGRAPHKJAL SKETOHP:8 OF 



He refused to take the oath of allegiance to protect hm property, 
and, at the end of the war, accepted from Goxeiiior Wells a com- 
mission as Kecorder of Deeds and Mortgages iii New Orleans. 

Governor Komaii died suddenly as he was walking on 
Dumaine street, January LJOth, 18()(i. He liad servetl Louisiana 
dui'ing many days of sorrow and trial; for while he was in office 
she had suffered from severe storms, overflow, cholera and 
yellow fever. In each misfortune his aid and sympathy were 
unfailing. When the clouds of war gathered on her horizon, 
too old to serve her himself on the held, he gave her his sons, 
and to-day Louisiana gratefully remembers aiul honors his name. 



EDWAKl) DOUGLASS WHITE. 

In 1835, E. D. White, a native of Tennessee, a man of classi- 
cal education, by profession a lawyer, was raised to the Execu- 
tive chair. Mr. White came to the Province of Louisiana with 
his father. Judge White, prior to its cession by France to the 
United States. He pursued his educational studies at the 
University of Nashville, in Tennessee, and afterwards his legal 
ones under Alexander Porter, in Louisiana. 

Governor Henry Johnson appointed Mr. White Associate 
Judge of the City Court of New Orleans, in 1825. He was three 
times elected to the Lower House of Congress by the people of 
Lafourche, in which parish he owned a large sugar estate. 
Judge White took his seat as Governor of Louisiana February 
4th, 1885- He served his State with marked ability, but even 
his strong mind and correct judgment could not avert the 
evil results of the laud speculation mania which infected so large 
a number of her citizens and brought to so many of them total 
ruin. During the short space of two years the General Assem- 
bly, which seemed stricken with what Was termed by President 
Jefferson ' ' Bancomania, ' ' had chartered seven new banks and 
Ijledged the credit of the State in favor of the Citizens' Bank. 
Paper money continued to be issued to an incredible extent, the 
bank discounting profusely. The result was, naturally, great 
distress in tinancial matters. Governor White vetoed a bill 
which had passed the Legislature chartering the Farmers' Bank, 
by this move saving the State from an increase of pecuniary 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOITISIANA. 31 



worries. May 13th, 1837, fourteen of the New Orleans banks 
suspended specie payments, hi addition to the abo\'e disaster, 
a new tarift had been phiced on American sugar, which caused 
planters to cease cultivating- cane and bestow theii- care on cot- 
loji. the price of which was run up to 18 and 20 cents. This 
condition of affairs brought al)out numerous bankruptcies and 
(Governor White used tJie most strenuous efforts to save Louisi- 
ana from the evil consequences of the rash conduct of her own 
citizens. Previous to the close of his gubernatorial career, the 
Governor was, for the fourth time, elected to the Lom' er House ol" 
Congress, this being repeated in 1810 and 1812. 

Governor White, like his intimate friend, Governor Henry 
Johnson, was a staunch Wliig. He was jjossessed of strong 
practical sense, frankness of character, and a merry bluff humor, 
which, combined with his keen wit and capacity foi- harmless 
sattire, won him many life-long friends, while he evei' held, in 
an extraordinary degree, the confidence of the people at large. 
Governor White's w^ell spent life closed April 18, 1847. His 
wife, who was a Miss Ringgold, of the Distilct of Columbia, still 
lives in this city, as do his children, among whom are two sons, 
James, who is a physician, and Edward D., a lawyer. The 
latter was a democratic member of the State Senate from 1871 to 
1878, in which yeai" he was also appointed Associate Justice of 
the Supreme Court of the State by Goveruoi' Xicliolls. 



ALEXANDRE MO U TON. 
Tlie venerable Alexandre Mouton, who so lately died on his 
plautation, near Vermillionville, in Lafayette parish, retaining 
to the last the love and esteem of all who had known him 
through his long and untarnished career, became the ninth Go\'- 
ei-nor of Louisiana. Governor Mouton was born on Bayou 
Carencro, in Attakapas, November the 19th, 1801, and, at the 
time of his death, was probably the oldest surviving United States 
Senator ; to him also belongs the distinction of having been the 
first Democrat to fill the Executive Chair. Governor Mouton 
was a descendant of one of the Acadian refugee families whom 
Longfellow's pen so glowingly described ; his first wife was the 



32 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



granddaughter of Governor Jacques Dupre, and his second one 
the daughter of an old oflfleer of the United States Army ; he 
was the father of General Alfred Mouton, killed at Mansfield in 
1S64, and father-in-law of General Gardnei-, who defended Port 
Hudson. Alexandre Mouton studied law in his youth, but did 
not practice it long, having a preference foi- the quiet of a coun- 
try life ; he undertook planting near the town of Vermillioiiville, 
which was built on land donated, for the purpose, by his father, 
Jean Mouton ; but his fellow-citizens called hiju again and again 
from the retirement of his home. In 1826, they chose him as 
their Eepresentative in the State Legislature, re-electing him 
three times consecutively, and again in 1836. For two sessions 
he was Speaker of the House. January, 1837, he was elected to 
fill the unexpired term of Judge Porter, and was chosen as his 
successor for the six-year tei'iu. While in Congress he was on 
many important committees ; he resigned his position in the 
Senate to accept that of State Governor, and entered upon his 
new duties January 3()th, 1843 ; these came to an end in three 
years, on account of an entire change in the State Constitution. 
Following this the Governor retired to private life until he 
came again to the front as delegate to the Cincinnati National 
Convention of 1856 ; he was also delegate, in 1860, to the Na- 
tional Convention, at Charleston, S. C, for the nomination of the 
United States President, delegate to and President of the Seces- 
sion Convention at Baton Eouge in 1861, and, finally, candidate 
for the Senate of the Confederate Congress. In all the positions 
of private and public life Governor Mouton was efficient and 
trustworthy, leaving behind him the reputation of being one of 
the best Governors the State ever had. 



ISAAC JOHNSON. 
Again, iu 1846, was a Democrat installed iu the Executive 
Chair, Isaac Johnson, of West Feliciana Parish. He was a 
gentleman of high social position, the sou of a British officer 
who settled in the province of Louisiana during the Spaiiish 
regime. Mr. Johnson belonged to the legal profession, in 
which he was successful and popular. When member of the 
Legislature, and afterwards Judge of the Third District, he 



THE GOVERNOKS OE EOUISIANA. 33 

gave complete satisfactiou. As Governor he fully justified the 
eoufideuce aud esteem of tJie people. Wheu l^e issued a procla- 
mation calling lor voluuteejs to leiuforce General Taylor, in 
Mexico, tliousands rallied to liis call ; these reiufor cements 
enabled Taylor to add the conquest of Matamoras to his other 
glorious achievements. 

Governor Johnson was ever ready to uphold State rights, 
and was bitterly opposed to auy meddling, by Congress, with the 
slavery question ; he was also a strong supporter of our public 
schools. During his ofti(;ial term both the State House and 
Penitentiary, at Baton Kouge, were completed. 

On Maich the 15th, 1.S53, Governor Johnson, of whom it 
was said ''he possessed so many fine traits of cluuacter, hegai;:ed 
friends innumerable, but never an enemy," expired suddenly in 
New Oi'leans, at the Verandah Hotel. 



JOSEPH MARSHALL WALKER. 
The subject of this sketch was born and grew into manhood 
on St. Ann street, in ^ew Orleans, almost under the shadow of 
the old St. Louis Cathedral ; he was of French descent, upon 
the maternal, and English on the paternal, side. Y^oung Walker 
was educated in the best schools existing at the time of his youth 
in his native city; when grown he purchased, with a legacy be- 
queathed by his English grandmother, plantations iu Rapides 
parish, where he became an eminently successful cotton planter. 
Being an unswerving Democrat, an ardent supporter of Southern 
States rights, he was ever a favorite with his party. For a 
series of years he filled various official positions previous to 
being placed at the helm of the State. He had been in the 
Legislature, both as Representative and Senator, besides Presi- 
dent of the State Constitutional Convention of 1845 and State 
Treasurer, iu 1846. Never. were such determined efforts made 
by the Wliigs to crush the Democratic party, as iu 1849, when 
Mr. Walker was nominated for Governor, and the esteem in 
which he was held is signally evidenced by the fact that he was 
victorious when the opposing party had such influential leaders 
as General Alexander De Clouet and Mr. Duncan F. Kenuer. 



3 



;M biographical sketches of 



Ou tlie 28th of Jauiiiiry, 1850, his triumph ciiliuiuated by liis 
iiistallatioii iu tlie Executive Chair at Batou Kouge, beiu*^ Mie 
hrst Uoveruor iuaugurated there. 

The people of Louisiana were so dissatistied with the Con- 
stitution of 1845, that a new one was adopted in 1852 ; this was 
strongly opposed by Governor Walker, as was also the with- 
drawal of the p]-ohibition to create banking institutions, he 
considering that neither one of these measures would be bene- 
hcial to the [State. It was during Governor \V alker's adminis- 
tiation, and that of his predecessor, the Cuban expeditions irom 
the United States took jjlace : these ended in complete failure. 
The leader. General Narcisso Lopez, was executed, which excited 
the friends of the cause to such an extent there was a riot in A'ew 
Orleans against the Spanish tlag, for w hich the Federal Govern- 
ment was obliged to give redress to Spain. 

The new Constitution of 1852 coming into operation. Gover- 
nor Walker resigned at the end of three years, having, from tirst 
to last, conducted the administration of the State with marked 
ability and success. Efforts wei-e made to have him take up 
again the thread of public life ; but he refused every honor 
offered him, even the position of Congressman. 

In 1812-15, Go\'ernor Walker served as Brigadier General 
of the State Militia. Death deprived Louisiana of this devoted 
son, January 2(5, 185G, but he left a record on her annals that 
both his family and State can be proud of, for in e\ery phase of 
his existence, private and public, civil and military, he did his 
duty and did it Avell. Can greater meed of praise be glAen i 



PAUL OCTAVE HEBEKT. 

In Louisiana, on the banks of the Mississippi Kivei', at the 
Acadia Plantation, so called because its owner, Paul Hebert, 
was of acadian descent, was born on November 12th, 1818, l*aul 
Octave Hebert, twelfth Governor of the State. From his earliest 
years he o-ave evidence of those characteristics and talents which 
were in the future to procure him a high place among men. He 
o-raduated at the head of the Jefferson College Class of 1880, and 
again at the head of the West Point graduates of 1810; these 



THE GOYEENOES OF LOUISIANA. 



were forty-four in number, and among them were several wlio 
became distinguislied in after life. So soon as his cadetship 
expii"ed, he became Second Lieutenant in the Engineer Corps, 
and, in 1841, Assistant Professor of Engineering at West Point; 
in 1842, he was ordered to Barataria, in Louisiana, to superin- 
tend the construction of the defenses of the Western Passes. In 
1845, he tendei-ed the resignation of his army position, asGover- 
nor Mouton had appointed him Chief Engineer of the State. It 
was at this time Governoi" Hebert issued his noted report oppos- 
ing the liaccourci Cat-off. In 184(), he volunteered against 
Mexico, starting out as Lieut+'-n:int Colonel 14th Infantry V^olnn- 
teers ; he took an active part in the battle of ('ontreras, Chei'*- 
busco, Molino del Key ; at the last named place, he was compli- 
mented by General Scott personally, and brevetted Colonel foi- 
his gallantj-y ; he was also at the storming of Chapultepec and 
the capture ot the (^ity of Mexico, cov'ering himself with glory 
in all of these engagements. Honors, justly deserved all of them, 
seemed to crowd upon young Hebert; in 1851, he was called from 
the quiet of his agricultural pursuits to visit Paris as Commis- 
sioner to the Workr s E'air ; in 1852, he was chosen member of the 
State Constitutional Convention, and the same year elected Gover- 
nor of the State. Governor Hubert being ill at the time. Chief 
Justice Eustis, accomjjanied by a committee from the Legisla- 
ture, repaired to his plantation where they administered to him 
the oath of office. During the war of secession. Governor He- 
bert, who aftei" his gubernatorial term was concluded, had 
returned to his planting interests, was appointed by President 
Davis, early in 1861, one of the live Brigadier Generals for the 
Provisional Army of the Confederacy, who were subsequently 
confirmed by the Confederate Congress as officers of the Regular 
Army. 

Governor Hebert was first in command of Louisiana, then 
of the Trans-Mississippi Department, afterwards of Texas, and 
finally of the Galveston defences. At the termination of the 
war General Hebert surrendered to G^ieral Granger, U. S. A. 
who returned him his sword, and kindly gave him especial 
transportation for himself and family to Xew Orleans. Presi- 
dent Johnson removed General Hebert' s political disabilities in 
1865. In 1873, he was created State Engineer by Governor Kel- 
logg : the same year he received from General Grant the ap- 



36 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



point iiieut of Coiiuuissiouer and Civil Engineer on the Board of 
United iState.s Engineers for the Mississippi Le^"ee. When 
G-reely ran for President aji^ainst Grant, Governor Hebert led 
that wing ol the Democratic paity in Louisiana which sustained 
Greely. 

After an illness of some months, General H6bert died April 
20th, 1880. 

Governor Hebert was a fluent speaker and a brilliant writer ; 
he was fond of society, which he graced : his hospitality was 
well known ; he was a club man, and for several years President 
of the Jockey Club in New Orleans. 

Governor Hebeit married twice, each tijue into a prominent 
Louisiana family. 



ROBERT CHARLES WIOKLIFFE. 

Louisiana's thirteenth Governor, Robert C. Wickliffe, comes 
of excellent lineage, and we have only to turn back a page or 
so of his family history lo learn wiieuce he derived the traits 
of character which have won for him so many admiring friends. 
His father was Governor Chas. A. Wickliffe, of Kentucky, also 
Postmaster General of the United States, and for ten consecutive 
years member of Congress ; besides, being twice elected to the 
Lower House of that body, during the civil war. Running for 
Governor again in 1803 he was unsuccessful, owing to his opposi- 
tion to Lincoln whom, he asserted, had broken his piomise to 
preserve slavery. On the maternal side, Governor Robert 
Wickliffe is grandson of Col. Cripps, who made for himself a 
name iu the Indian fights of Kentucky, and nephew of Dr.. 
Brashear, of this State, for whom Brashear City is named. Gov- 
ernor W^ickliffe is a man of classical attainments and belongs to 
the legal profession, of which he is an able and successful mem- 
ber. 

In 1854, he was elected State Senator and re-elected the two 
succeeding terms without opposition ; he was also President of 
the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William 
Farmer. For four years he was Governor of Louisiana, taking 
possession of his oifice Jaiuiary 22, 1856. The Governor 
belongs to the Democratic party ; and was opposed to secession 



THE GOVEENOES OF LOUISIANA. 37 



SO long as the South could remain in the Union with honor. 
Governor Wickliffe gave earnest attention to all the interests of 
the State, and his administration was a satisfactoi-y one to the 
people. 

In 1866, they chose him to I'epresent tlieiii in the Lower 
House of Congress ; but he was denied admittance for refusing 
to take the oath demanded of him, in accordance with Recon- 
struction laws. In 187(), Goveimor Wickliife was an elector for 
the State at large, on the Tilden ticket- He is now practising 
his profession at the bar in West Feliciana, where he has resided 
ever since 1846. A handsome man in his youth. Gov. Wick- 
liffe is still so in his older days, and he is noted everywhere for 
his conversational gifts, courtly manners and refinement ; he was 
twice married, his first wife being the charming daughter of the 
well-known Judge Dawson, of Feliciana, and his second. Miss 
Anderson, of Kentucky. 



THOMAS OVERTOX MOORE. 

This gentleman was a ISTorth Carolinian. The esteem in 
which his family were held in their native State is evidenced 
by the naming of Moore County for them. Governor Moore's 
grandfather on the distaff side was General Tliomas Overton, 
who held the position of nmjor during the Revolutionary War 
under General Lee\s father. He acted as second for Genera] 
Jackson in a duel, and his son. General Walter H. Overton, 
was aid to Jackson at New Orleans. 

When Governor Moore came to Louisiana lie settled in 
Rapides Parish as a cotton planter, and was sent fiom there 
to the State Senate in isr)(), where his political course was so 
creditaV)le he was elected Governor on the Democratic ticket 
of 1860. Early in his administration 'he convened the Legis- 
lature in extra session to determine the course Louisiana should 
pursue in view of the evident determination of the General 
Government to destroy the institution of slavery." 

Through Governor Moore's advice a convention was called 
by the Legislature, at Baton Rouge, on the 23d of January, 
1861. The 26th of the same month the Convention passed the 
Ordinance of Secession and Louisiana bid farewell to the Union. 



38 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



Thus were fulfilled the prophetic warnings of every Governor 
who had controlled the State for durino- more than forty years, 
beginning with Governor Robertson, in 1820. No sooner had 
the decree of Secession been declared than Governor Moore 
ordered Adjutant General (rrivot to organize the militia force 
of the State, consisting of 24,000 men, i-eady for active service. 
With these troops the military posts and garrisons within the 
State were taken possession of, with many thousands of stands 
of arms and immense quantitiV;s of ammunition. A Soldiers' 
Relief Association was formed, and free markets opened in 
]N"ew Orleans. Governor Moore compelled the banks to sus- 
pend specie payments, even thougli by this move they forfeited 
their charters, as he considered this necessary for their pro- 
tection. Being petitioned by many cotton factors of New Or- 
leans to issue an order forbidding the introduction of cotton 
within its limits, he did so, although such a course was not 
guaranteed by law of any kind but that of practical sense and 
emergency of circumstance. When, by the disastrous fate of 
war, NcAv Orleans passed under Fedei'al control, in 18(52, Gov- 
ernor Moore called together the Legislature at Opelousas ; the 
quorum of members being small, they were reassembled at 
Shreveport. Here his official term drew to a close, and he 
passed the scepter of State Government on to his successor, the 
brave and gallant Allen. 

Governor Moore cannot be described better than in the 
words of Meynier : "He was remarkable for his truthfulness and 
strict integrity as well as for the purity of his private life. His 
disposition was fiery, and, politically a democrat, he believed in 
the precepts of Jefferson and Jackson, being a great admirer of 
the General's determination whose example he followed in his 
gubernatorial career." 

Governor Moore's life ended at his home in Rapides I*arish, 
June, 1876, aged seventy-one. 



HENRY W ATKINS ALLEN. 

Louisiana's fifteenth Governor was Henry W. .Vllen, the idol 
of the peoi^le, whose name is a household word, and of whom it 
vtisij be said : " There is glory in his dust." To Virginia, the 



THE GOVEKNOKS OF LOUISIANA 80 



mother of statesmen and soldiers, belongs the honor of having- 
given Governor Allen birtli. Through his ancestors, he was of 
Scotch and AVelsh extraction. ^ Of his parents we need no clearer 
picture than the following words of Meynier, which, at the same 
time, eulogize son and parents. In speaking of the Governor, 
he remarks : " He inherited the energetic determination, strict 
integrity and courage of his father, softened by the constancy 
and impulsive tenderness of his mother. While yet a lad, at 
Marion College, Missouri, the fnture soldier gave proof of the 
determined character wliich marked his after life, by challenging 
an officer of the State militia, who had insulted his father, and 
forcing him to apologize. The restless disposition which pos- 
sessed young Allen caused him to run away from college, but 
destiny led him with kindly hand, for, landing at Grand Gulf, 
he obtained a position as tutoi- in the family of W. R. McAlpiue, 
where he made life-long friends. Two years later he opened a 
school within the town of Grand Gulf, devoting his leisure hours 
to stndying law, the practice of which he began so soon as licensed, 
and in which his native talent brought him success. When 
Sam Houston, President of Texas, called for volunteers, in 1S42, 
to aid her in defying Mexico, both Allen and his brother 
Kathaniel enlisted for six months, for which stnnice they were 
thanked by the Secretary of War and the President- In 1842. 
Mr. Allen married Miss Salome Crane, of Rodney, Miss., a lady 
noted for her brilliant wit, quickness of repartee and many 
loveable traits of character. She brought him, as dowei'. a plan- 
tation in Claiborne County; this became their home. In 1846, 
Mr, Allen was elected to the State Legislature of Mississippi, a 
position he filled with honor. After the death of his wife, which 
occurred in 1850, Mr. Allen's fancy for roving reasserted itself. 
He removed to Tensas, La., and afterwards to West Baton 
Rouge. Here, as in Mississippi, his merit soon became mani- 
fest. The people of the jiarish recognized it by electing him to 
the House of Rej)resentatives, in 185.3- He had previously been 
defeated for the State Senate. In 1854, he resumed his collegiate 
course at Cambridge University ; but, ever restless and fond of 
adventure, neither planting, uorlaw, nor literature, could cliarm 
him long, and, in 18.59, we find him crossing the Atlantic, with the 
intention of taking part in the Italian war and travelling through 
Europe. During his absence, his friends again elected him to the 



40 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



Louisiana Legislatiirf. When the war tocsin sonnded, in 1861, 
Mr. AUt'U *vas in Havana. Pl<*asnre had no witcliei-ies for him 
when country called. He immediately returned home, where he 
joined, as A'olunteei-, the Delta Eitles. of the Confederate Army. 
Before very long he was elected Lieutenant Colonel of the Fourth 
Louisiana. In this capacity he figured at Ship Island and Fort 
Berwick, becoming, eventually, after his Colonel's death. Mili- 
tary Governor of Jackson, Miss. At 8hiloli, where he gave a 
rare example of courage, he was wounded in tlie cheek, and at 
Baton Rouge was desj)erately \\'ounded, N^ot being one to shield 
himself from what he held as sacred duty, he barely allowed 
himself time for recovery ere he returned to the army, when he 
was appointed Brigadier Ceneral and ordered to the Trans- 
Mississippi Department. Scarcely had he reached Shreveport 
and entered on his new i"es])onsibilities when, by unanimous 
choice, he was placed at the helm of the State, being inaugurated 
Governor January 25th, 1854. His message to the Legislatnre 
touched upon all the necessities of the State and i)ointed out 
clearly those matters calling for legislation. He addressed a 
personal communication to General KirbySmitli. December 21st, 
18G4, opposing strongly that officiars unfortunate order to the 
planters of Louisiana, bidding them burn their cotton. June 
2d, 1805, his term of administration being ended, the pilot wlio 
had guided the bark of State thi'ough such troublous waters 
gave up its helm and sought fortune's favor in the City of the 
Incas. The people of Louisiana, whom absence could not teach 
to forget him, made a futile effort to have him return among 
them and accept, for a second time, the Executive Chaii'. In 
Mexico a newspaper was started especially for him, and he was 
acting as editor, with success and credit to himself, when, on 
April 22d, 1866, death overtook him whom we had learned to 
cherish for his valor and high deeds, and to whom we offered the 
incense of our hearts. Henry Watkins Allen has passed away, 
but 

■' His s])iritual influence is upon his kind ; 
He lives in glory : and his speakiiig dust 
Has more of life tiian half its hreathing moulds." 

Though he died among strangers, his bo<ly does not lie in 
foreign soil. Here, in the Crescent City, he rests under a monu- 
ment of marble until loving hands will have prepared a more 



THE GOVERNOBS OF LOTTISTANA. 41 



suitable place of repose. Amid the fragrant magnolias and 
weeping- willoAvs m Inch surronnd the State Cai)itol is a spot his 
own fancy loved. \o sound disturbs its silence but the low 
whispering- of the winds, the warbling- of the birds, and here, at 
some future day, will the State ijlace him who has a right to the 
honoi- she will gratefuUv bestow on him. 



:\rTCHAEL HAHX 

Was born in Bavaria, in [KM). Soon after his birth, his 
parents remoTe<l to New York: and. in a few years, from thence 
to New Orleans : here he graduated in tlie high schools, entered 
the law oltice of Christian Koselius and gra<luated. ere yet 
twenty years of age. with the degree of L. L. B., in the Loui- 
siana TTniversity. By an exception made in his favor, he was 
permitted to practice his profession previous to the legitimate 
period for so doing. Mr. Hahn had a natural inclination for 
politics, and while attending to his business, still found some 
leisure to bestow on them: he was antagonistic to the Slidell 
wing of the Democratic party: opposed the nomination of James 
Buchanan for President, in '[H~^^'^. He wasastrong Douglass advo- 
cate and a bitter oi)x>ouent to shivery. Member of the commit- 
fe*e who, in 1<S()()-61, canvassed against secession, he did all he 
could to prevent the dismemberment oi' the Union. When, 
during the early pei'iod of the late agitation, all public, State 
and Parish officers took the oath to the Confederacy, Michael 
Hahn omitted it in renewing his oath of office as Notary: no 
public notice was evei" taken of this omission. 

Farragut's Federal fleet ari'iving at New Orleans, April 2.5, 
1862, Mr. Halm hastened to i)ledge his allegiance to the Ignited 
States GovernnuMit. according to the oath administei-ed by the 
Federal Office. >. 

The latter part of the same year, lie be('anie Representative 
of the Second Congressional District in Congress, when his able 
advocacy of what he chose to consider "Louisiana's cause,'' 
ovei'canie the objections made by leading Re])ublicans against 
himself and Mr. Flanders. Representative of the First District, 
taking the seats they claimed. 



i2 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



On returning to ]S^ew Orleans, Mr. Hahn advised that no 
more Congressional elections be held until Louisiana became 
more thoroughly reconstructed. He bestowed his attention on 
the re-opening of the Federal Courts and endeavored to have 
the State immediately reorganized as a free one. To furtlier the 
])lans of Lincoln and Grant, he bought and edited the Xew Or- 
leans True Delta. 

Mr. Hahn Avas inaugurated as (loverni^r. March 4, 1864, 
being elected in New Orleans on the Free State ticket, in opposi- 
tion to Mr. Fhinders and Mr. P>llows, who was the Conservative 
candidate. In the meanwhile. Gov. Allen, who had been elected 
by the Confederates and inaugurated at Shreveport, January 25. 
1S()4, was in control of all that portion of the State not occupied 
by Federal forces. 

President Lincoln had gi-eat contidence in Gov. Hahn, and 
addressed him a letter advising the elective franchise be ex- 
tended to the colored race, so as to enable the using of them in 
furthering the Reconstruction policy. Gov. Hahn attempted to 
bring this about; but could only succeed in having the Fifteenth 
Section adopted. The State Legislature chose him to till a 
Senatorial position in the Congress of 1865; he presented his 
<'laims, but did not press them, owing to the fact that the recon- 
struction views of Mr. Johnson varied from those ot this prede- 
cessor. President Lincoln. 

Mr Hahn was the organizer and chief editor of the Xew Or- 
leans BepuhUcan, started in 1867. He has been several times 
member of the School Board, three times member of the Legis- 
lature for the parish of St. Charles, and once speaker of 
the House. In^^l876, he was State Registrar of Voters, sub- 
sequently Superintendent of the United States Mint, in New 
Orleans; since then. Judge of the Twenty-sixth Judicial Dis- 
trict, and is now, 1885, Congressman elect from Louisiana. 
Governor Hahn is an able speaker and writer; as a politician, he 
is ever actuated by that which he considers the true principle; he 
is extremely popular in his own parish, and has the respect and 
good opinion of many who are to the opposing party. 



JAMES MADISON WELLS, 

Seventeenth Governor of Louisiana, was born in the State, but 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 43 



raised partly in Washington City, partly in Kentucky. On 
reaching manhood he returned to his birthplace, where he has 
always lived on his estates as sugar and cotton planter. In 
1.S40, he filled the position of SheriiT; in 1<S64, Lieutenant 
(lovernor on the Hahn ticket, and assumed the position of 
Governor in lieu of Mr. Hahn when he resigned. In l.S()5, he 
was elected Governor on the Citizens' ticket, and i-emoved by 
General Sheridan in 1<S(>7. By appointuient of General Grant, 
at that time President, lie l)ecame Surveyor of the Port of 
New Orleans, an office he continued to hold under President 
Hayes. He was also ciiairnian of the Returning Board of 1S7(), 
which decided the Presidential contest in favor of Haves. 



JOSHTTA BAKER 

Was born in Kentucky, Marcli 28d, 1799. His parents renu)ved 
to Mississippi when he was only four years of age, and subse- 
quently to Louisiana, in ISll, settling in St. Mary's Parish. 
Mr. Baker grew into manhood amid the grand old oaks which 
beautify the banks of the limpid Teche, and the decline of his 
years is passing peacefully under their moss-bannered branches. 
In 1S19, he graduated at West Point, and is to-day its oldest 
graduate in existence. When Governor Baker travelled to 
West Point from St. Mary's Parish, in 1817, the entire jour- 
ney was made in a wheeled conveyance. What a difference 
between then and now! Wliile still pursuing his studies there 
he was appointed assistant Professor of Engineers, and was aftei-- 
wards, for many years, a luember of the Board of Examiners of 
the Academy. Louisianahas many evidences of his knowledgein 
mechanics in the bridges he has built in several parishes, and in 
the Franklin Court Hous»', constructed under his supervision. 
Mr. Baker studied law in Connecticut, but entered the Kentucky 
bar, eventually returning to Louisiana, where he continued to 
practice his profession. In 1829, he was appointed Judge of St. 
Mary's Parish. Judge Baker owned several large plantations, 
still he gave much of his attention to steamboating and the 
lumber trade. In politics, the Judge was a conservative Denu)- 
crat, and an opponent of secession. General Hancock, of the 



44 BIOOEAPHTCAL SKETCHES OF 



United States Army, the Gulf Department Commandant, in 
1867, appointed him Governor of the State at that time. 

Governor Baker is one of Lonisiana's well-known citizens, 
who has won many friends, not only by his kindly ways and 
generous nature, but by the fact that he has always been an 
upright man. honest in his opinions and principles. 

Note. — Since wi'iting the above (Joveriior Baker lias gone to give tlie record of 
long years well spent; he died at the residence of his daughter, in Connecticut, on 
Aprif lath. Disease did not carry him off. 

" He fell like autumn fruit that mellowed long. 
Even wonder'd at because he dropped no sooner."' 



BBNJAMm FEAIS^KLIN^ FLANDEES. 

B. F. Flanders left New Hampshire, his native State, and 
made New Orleans his home in 1848: hei-e he studied for the bar. 
Much of his time has been devoted to teaching in the public 
schools of Xew Orleans, in which he was. for many years. Princi- 
pal, being finally chosen Superintendent in the Third Munici- 
pality, a position he refused. The newspaper business has also 
received his attention, he ha\ ing been at one time i)ai't propri- 
etor and one of the editors of the New Orleans Tropic. 

Mr. Flanders has tilled various public positions, all of them 
important, and in CA'ery instance with merit; but at no time has 
he been so occupied otherwise, as to overlook the cause, of popu- 
lar education, of which he lias been so warm an advocate, and 
for which he has accomplished so much In 1848, he was elected 
Alderman of the Third Municipality, and again in 18.52; the 
latter year, he was also appointed Secretary and Treasurer of 
the Opelousas and Great Western Railroad Company. In 1862, 
the Federal military authorities made him Treasurer of New 
Orleans: this office he resigned in a few months, having been 
elected to represent the First District in Congress. 

In 1868, Mr. Chase appointed him Supervising Special 
Agent of the Treasury Department for Louisiana, Mississippi 
and Texas; this he resigned in 1866. For one year he was Presi- 
dent of the First National Bank of New Orleans, at the comple- 
tion of which period he withdrew, (reneral Sheridan, U. S. A., 
created him Military Governor of Louisiana, in June, 1867; he 
resigned in six months. Governor Warmoth made him Mayor 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 46 



of New Orleans in May of 1870; the ensuing November he was 
elected to the ottice and held it for the two following years. In 
1873. General Grant appointed him United States Assistant 
Treasurei' at New Orleans; this office he has held up to the i>re- 
sent time. 



HENEY CLAY W AEMOTH. 

Governor Warmoth was born in Illinois, in 1842; he entered 
the Missouri bar as early as 18tJ0, being soon afterwards aj)- 
pointed District Attorney for the Eighteenth Judicial District of 
Missouri. During the late war. Mr. Warmoth was at one time 
Brigadier General of the Missouri State troops; he resigned to 
become Lieutenant Colonel of the Thirty-second Kegiment of 
Missouri Infantry, remaining in this capacity from the first fight 
at Vicksbujg, until the capture of Lookout Mountain and Mis- 
sionary Kidge. Afterwards he was Chief of Staff to Major Gen- 
eral McClernand in the Gulf Department: subsequently, Gen. 
Banks appointed him Judge of the Provost Court of the Depait- 
ment of the Gulf 

Col. Warmoth left the Federal Army in 1865, when he un- 
dertook the practice of law in New Orleans; the following yeai- 
began his political career, he was sent to Congress by the 
Republicans; but failed to obtain his seat, on account of the 
decision by Congress not to re-admit Louisiana. In 1868, the 
Republicans elected him Governor in opjxjsition to the candi- 
date on the Indeijendent ticket. 

Gov. Warmoth's party had chosen him pre\'ions to this to 
represent Plaquemines Parish in the Lower Honse of the Gen- 
eral Assembly of Louisiana, and subsequently elected him to the 
Constitutional Convention of 1879; he, at one time, made an 
unsuccessfid run for the State Senate. 

For many years. Governor Warmoth has resided on his 
plantation, in Platpiemines Parish; it is one of the show places 
of the State, and is frequently visited by strangers, who are ever 
sure of a hospitable welcome, from the Governor and his charm- 
ing wife. 



46 BIOGRAPHTCAT. SKETCHES OF 



JOHN McENERY 

Is the bi'other of our j^reseiit Governor, 8. I). McP^iiery; he 
was born in Virginia, educated at Hanover College, Indiana; is 
a graduate of tlie New Orleans Law University, and l)egan the 
practice of his profession in Monroe, Louisiana. At one time 
he was Registrar in the Monroe Land Office, a position histather 
had once tilled for eight years; but President Buchanan removed 
him because he strongly advocated Stephen Douglas for the 
Presidency, whereupon he returned to the law. During the late 
troubles between the North and South, Mr. McEnery served 
with honor and distinction in the Confederate Army, he began 
as Captain, but was twice promoted for his daring. He was in 
the field both in Virginia and Georgia, and held the advanced 
posts at Savannah. In 1.SG3, he took part in the battle of Seces- 
siouville, recapturing the Eoi't on James Island which had been 
taken by the Federals, thereby saving Charleston, foj- which act 
he was greatly commended; he participated in many other bat- 
tles, being twice wounded. In 1860, he was elected to the Legis- 
lature, but the Reconstruction Acts of Congress deprived him 
of his place in 1867. In 1871, Col. McEnery was nominated 
three times for the Executive Office; in June, by the Democrats, 
July, by the Democrats and Reformers, and August, by the 
Democrats and Liberals; he carried the State, as he so worthily 
deserved to, by a majority often thousand, and yet was counted 
out by the Republican Returning Board In 1865, under the 
Allen State Government, (lovernor McEnery had been elected 
Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Disti-ict of the State. For some 
years he has been living in New Orleans, where he devotes him- 
self to his profession. 



WILLIAM PITT KELLOGG 
Ls a Vermonter, his education was acquired at Norwich I^ni- 
versity; he removed to Illinois in 1848, where he studied law 
and applied himself to its practice. He was in the Federal 
Army during the war of Secession as Colonel of the 7th Illinois 
Cavalry, and, up to the evacuation of Corinth, commanded 
Granger's Cavalry Brigade. The last official signature from 
President Lincoln's hand was that signed to the commission of 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 47 

Kellogg, as Collector of the New Orleans Port, in 1865; Repub- 
lican Senator from Louisiana to Cougress, elected in 18G8. he 
resigned in November, 1ST2. tobecoun' Kepublicau candidate for 
(jioveruor of the State. 

John McEuery was elected by a large majority; but the 
Keturniug Board so managed matters that Kellogg obtained 
possession of the Executive Chair which he occupied, under the 
protests of the peo^jle of Louisiana, until January 5th, 1877. 
The result of this occupancy was the memorable "Fourteenth 
of September,'' during which disturbance Kellogg concealed 
himself in the United States Customhouse, where Federal bayo- 
nets protected him. A Kepublicau Legislature elected him to 
the United States Senate, and, in the latter part of 1877, he took 
his seat; but for years it was contested by the opposing candi- 
date, Judge Spofford. Govei'uor Kellogg was Louisiana Dele- 
gate to the Chicago Convention of 18G8, which gave Grant his 
lirst nomination; Chairman of the Louisiana Delegation to 
Chicago in 1880, which nominated Gartield, besides having been, 
in 187G, Chairman of the Louisiana Delegation to the Cincinnati 
Convention. 



STEPHEN BENNETT PACKARD 
Was born in Maine, educated at its public schools, and 
studied law at its bar. He entered a Maine regiment at the 
very commencement of the civil disturbances, remaining until 
their close, having earned the grade of captain. During Presi- 
dent Grant's two administrations he held the ofticial position of 
United States Marshal of Louisiana. The Republican Conven- 
tion of 1876 nominated him as candidate for Governor. General 
Francis T. Nicholls, the Democratic nominee, was favored with 
eight thousand more votes than were polled for Mr. Packard, 
yet the latter claimed the Executive Chair, and determined to 
take it by force. With this view he and his friends, accom- 
panied by a number of the city police, took possession of the 
State House (now the Hotel Royalj, whei'e they remained barri- 
caded for several weeks. President Hayes' recognition uf Gen- 
eral Nicholls' claims, combined with the effect of the Wheeler 
compromise, and a change of opinion on the part of some of the 



48 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 



Republican members of the Legislature, then in sessiou, forced 
Mr. Packard to yield. President Hayes afterwards sent Mr. 
Packard to Liverpool, as United States Consul to that port : this 
responsible position has remained his ever since. 



FRANCIS TILTON NICHOLLS. 

In his biographical sketches Meynier so truthfully depicts 
Nicholls, the "Chevalier sans peur et sans rej)roche" of Louis- 
iana. We will quote his words in describing this "Bayard of the 
South :" •' Brave and capable as a soldier, and incorruptible as 
a civilian, his private lite lias been above reproach, and his 
public career in the discharge of both military and civil duty, 
an unbroken testimonial of his self-sacrilicing devotion to what 
he considered the best interests of the State in which he was 
born, and of the people amongst wliom he had spent the most 
delightful portion of man's existence — boyhood days." 

Governor Nicholls' birth place is Donaldson ville. La. His 
father, Thomas C. Nicholls, was a Mary lander. He was a lawyer, 
and had tilled several judicial positions ; but the crowning honor 
of his life is the fact that to him is due the organization of the 
tirst temperance society of Louisiana, he himself being its Presi- 
dent. Governor Nicholls was partially educated at the New 
Orleans Jefferson Academy ; he completed his studies at West 
Point, where he graduated in 1855, receiving at the same time a 
lieutenancy in the Second Regiment of United States Artillery. 
Later he passed into the Third Regiment, from which he re- 
signed in the latter part of 185G, with the intention of prepar- 
ing for the legal profession. After completing his law course 
he was examined before the Supi^eme Court and licensed in 1858, 
when he immediately began practicing in Donaldson ville. At 
the outbreak of the war Governor Nicholls donned the grey, and 
his military record proves he was "brave as the bravest who 
wore it." He was at tirst elected captain of a company from 
Ascension and Assumption. In June, of 18GI, he was chosen 
Lieutenant Colonel of the Eighth Regiment ol Louisiana V^olun- 
teers. In 18G2, he was appointed Colonel of the Fifteenth Lou- 
isiana. Only a few days later he received the commiissiou of 



THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 49 

Brigadier General commanding the Second Louisiana Brigade. 
Governor Xicholls was no "carpet knight;" his was an active 
pai't at Wiiicliester, Chancellorsville, Port Royal. At the hrst 
pUice he lost his right arm and was captured ; at the second a 
sliell deprived liini of a foot. But neither prison nor wounds 
could damp his ardent love ol" country. So soou as he was ex- 
changed, so soon as his wounds wonld permit, he took the 
field again. He was ordered, iifter Chancellorsville, to take 
charge of the defence of Lyuchburg, Va., and, in 18()4, was 
l)laced in conti'ol of the Conscript Bureau of the Trans-Missis- 
sippi Department : there the close of the war found him. He 
returned to his extensive practice after the surrender, but was 
called from it by the Baton Kouge Convention of 187G, which 
nominated him for Governor. In the election he triumphed 
over his opponent to the extent of eight thousand votes : the 
circumstances attending it being related in the sketch of Gover- 
nor Packard, there is no need to repeat them; suffice it to say, 
that in his political career, as in his military, he ever led in the 
[)ath of honor. To-day he lives in New Orleans, quietly attend- 
ing to his profession : politics know him not ; he is among old 
friends who esteem him, sui-rounded by a loving family, honored 
by all who know his name ; and to whom in the whole State of 
Louisiana is the nanie of Francis T. Nicholls unknown ? 



LOUIS ALFRED WILTZ 

Was born in New Orleans, January 21st, 1843, and educated, 
in a great measure, at the City Public Schools. He volunteered 
in the (.Confederate service, as private in the Orleans Artillery, 
when a lad scarcely eighteen. Before attaining his majority, he 
was elected Captain of Company E, of the Chalmette Regiment. 
Not very long after this event, the Regiment had the misfortune 
of being captured. Governor Wiltz, however, was soon ex- 
changed, and was ordered on detached duty in the Mississippi 
Department, being transferred afterwards to the Trans-Missis- 
sippi Department; subsequently he became Provost Marshal 
at Franklin, Louisiana, remaining there until the war ended. 
On his return from the scene of national strife, he felt a growino- 



50 RIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 

interest in politics and entered the arena of political strife. In 
1 SGS, he was chosen by the Democrats to represent them in the 
State Legislature ; the same year Mr. Wiltz was elected to the 
Common Council of the City, made School Director, member of 
the Board of Aldermen and its President. Mr. Wiltz ran twice 
for Mayor of Ncav Orleans : the tirst time he was elected, but 
counted out by political trickery ; the second time the Eepubli- 
cans had the election postponed, but jMr. Wiltz was eventually 
elected. In 1875, he was a member of the Legislature and 
Speakei" of the House. 

When Governor NichoUs was the Executive head of the 
State, Mr. Wiltz became Lieutenant Governor and President of 
the State Senate: subsequently he was President of the Constitu- 
tional Convention, and became the choice of the people for the 
Gubernatorial office in 1879. Not two years of his term had 
elapsed when all Louisiana was thrown into mourning by his 
death, on ()ctol)e]' 16, 1881, His demise Avas a shock to the 
entire community; he was the leader of his party, and hadgi\eii 
Louisiana his active support in tlie days when her political 
hoi'izon was one of intense gloom; his was a career of golden 
promise, and all hearts grieved to see it so prenmturely closed. 
In his military life Gov. Wiltz was enthusiastic, brave and faith- 
ful; his political acts wei'e prompted by a desire to ser\ e the 
State of his birth, and in all things he gave entire satisfaction 
to his constituents. IS^ever will Louisiana forget the brilliant 
young Governor, who, in ])eace as in war, was so unselfishly, so 
entirelv devoted to her cause. 



SAMUEL DOUGLAS McENERY. 
Wliile Louisiana still wept over the early death of Governor 
Wiltz, Lieutenant Governor Samuel D. McEnery succeeded, bj' 
constitutional J'ight, to the Executive chair. He is a Louisi- 
anian. His collegiate course was pursued at Spring Hill College, 
the Naval Academy, at Annapolis, Md., and the Virginia Uni- 
versity. He graduated in his destined pi-ofession at the State 
and National Law School, of Poughkeepsie, New Yoi-k, in 1859, 
upon which he went to Missouri for the purpose of pi'actising, 



THE GOVEBNOKS OF LOI'TSTANA. 51 



but in twelve montlis returned to Louisiana. Early in 1861, 
Mr. McE]iei'y entered the voluiiteei- forces of tlie Confederacy, 
as Lieutenant of the Pelican (Jreys ; a yeai' later he became 
Lieutenant in the regulai' (Confederate Army, and was placed in 
command of a cainj) of instruction, near Trenton, La. When 
the war terminated he again took up his law practice, which 
proved successful and remunerative. The Democrats Imiuently 
requested him to enter the political lists, offering him honoral)Ie 
preferment in the Legislature, or on the Judicial Bench. Finally, 
he allowed himself to be placed on the same ticket with Mr. 
Wiltz, in 1879. When Governor Wiltz died, Governor McEnery 
completed the term left xacant by that great misfortune. In 
1881. the people elected hiiu for a second term on his own 
account. This he now tills. Xeed we say how conscieiiciously 
and satisfactoi'ilyf No ! his actions are present facts that speak 
for themselves, and that which they tell is all in his favor. 



The writer of these sketches is all unaccustomed to appear- 
ing before the public and hesitates to take the step since cir 
cumstances has compelled her work to be so hastily done; no 
time was allowed for rounding of sentences, or polishing of 
rhetoric. She feels, however, as a Louisianian "to the manor 
born'' she must contribute her ''widow's mite" to ttie 
•'woman's work" in the Louisiana State Department; this 
desire must be her excuse, and she hojjes will purchase for her 
the indulgence of all who may venture to read what she has 
written. But while the style of the work is certainly faulty, the 
matter should be correct, having been drawn from such sources 
as Gayarr6, Bunner, Meynier, Darby and Stoddard, and it is 
hoped this will compensate for othei' deficiencies. 



New Orleans, April 20th, 1885. 

'J'o liis Honor, Mayor .1. V. Guillotte, and the City Council of New Orleans : 

Gentleiiicn — I have the honor to submit this my first report 
as City Commissioner to the World's Cotton Centennial Expo- 
sition. 

Early in October last I undertook a thorough and systematic 
canvass of the ditl'erent industries and manufactures of New 
Orleans, for the purpose of obtaining exhibits in the Louisiana 
Department. At first I met with very limited encouragement, 
some manufacturers refusing to exhibit at all; others, the greater 
luunbei', preferring to display in the Main Building. To the 
limited space allowed the State of Louisiana, and to the slight 
importance attached to the State collective exhibit, must be 
ascribed their refusal and indifference. Their ei-ror is fully 
demonstrated by the interest and appreciation of the Govern- 
ment Building, shown by the general public and all papers 
throughout the States. This was soon understood by many 
exhibitors, but too late to avail themselves of the limited space 
allotted to the City of Xew Orleans, Nevertheless, Louisiana 
has secured a very fair display of the manufactures of her me- 
tropolis, such as wood, iion, cotton, cotton seed, fertilizers, 
chemicals, soaps, leather, saddlery, canned goods, licpiors, 
tobacco, silks, raw, spun and woven, and many others too nuine- 
]'0us to mention. 

In connection with the above, I have organized a Ladies' 
Committee, over twenty in number, representing all sections of 
the city, and among whom I will specially mention Mrs. Pierre 
Lanaux and Mrs. Eugene Soniat. Through the untiring efforts 
and energy of said committee, there has been collected a splen- 
did display of woman's work and objects of art, all produced 
by natives or residents of Louisiana. The work of Charitable 
Institutions and Asylums, which are nearly all represented, is a 
feature of this exhibition, and draws the attention and enco- 
miums of all visitors. 

I must also mention the Historical Collection, made by the 
same committee. It comprises a nearly complete gallery of por- 
traits of the Governors of the State since the transfer of the Terri- 



KEPORT OF COMMISSroNKR CITY OF NEW ORLEANS. 



tory of Louisiana to the riiiited States, a fair number of French and 
Spanish Governors and officers, liistorical paintings and relics, 
such as arms, banners, conrmissions. autog'rai)hs, etc. A num- 
ber of the ab()\'e were contributed directly to the State Commis- 
sioner by different paiislies. ]S'early all these paintings and 
relics are heir looms, and so tieasured by the owners that they 
were obtained with the greatest difficulty. They are now exhi- 
bited for the tirst tinu- ; it is likely they will never be exhibited 
again. 

The annex ol' the Louisiana. Department, containing the 
historical exhibits and woman's work, has become a centre of 
attraction : at all hours it is thronged Avith visitors. 

To Honorable C. J. Barrow, United States Commissiomu- for 
Louisiana, I am indebted for many favors and valuable aid ; the 
State Department contributing materially to the installati(jn of 
the Woman's Work and Historical exhibition. 

To the Ladies' Committee I must credit the snccess of this 
department. They have worked assiduously during nearly 
four months, sparing neither time nor trouble ; they have suc- 
ceeded in their noble and patriotic efforts ; and to them is due 
the honor of having made Louisiana a centre of attraction. 

Trusting this first report will meet with youi' approval. J 
remain, very respectfully, 

A. DELAVIGNE, 
Commissioner for Kew Orleans. 



CATALOG U E 



STORIC P,EL1CS }m JINTIQUITIES 



-l^' THE — 



LOUISIANA STATP: DEPARTMENT 



These articles were mostly collected by a committee com- 
posed of the following New Orleans Ladies: 



Mrs. Pierre Lananx, 
Mrs. L. JDolhonde, 
Mrs. J. Anatole Hi neks, 
Mrs. Eugene Mioton, 
Mrs. Chas. (layarre, 
Mrs. Willie Grunewald. 
Mrs. M. Ashley Townsend, 
Miss Blanche Bernard, 
Miss Stephanie St. Martin, 
IMiss Emilie Delavigne, 
Miss Therese Vienne, 
Miss Valentine Vienne, 



Mrs. Eugene Soniat, 
Mrs. L. Estorge. 
Mrs. Alfred Roman, 
Mrs. L. A. Wiltz, 
Mrs. W. H. Hyatt, 
Mrs. Jos. Flanner, 
Miss Delphine Foistall, 
^fiss (^orinne St. ]\[artin, 
Miss Sydonie Wiltz, 
Miss Victoire Vienne, 
Miss Louise Vienne, 
Miss Emilie Coiron, 



Miss E. JJelavio-ne. 



The space allotted to the "Collective City and Country 
Exhibit'' of the Louisiana Ladies, is in the Louisiana State 
Department of the Government Building. It is decorated with 
the French, Spanish, Fedei-al and Confederate colors as being- 
illustrative of Louisiana's History, and synd^olical of the four 
Governments under which she has existed. 

Mr. L. Grunewald and the Jesuit Fathers aided the Com- 
mittee of Ladies by giving the use of parlors at the hall and 
college for their meetings. 

The Committee gratefully thank Mrs. Field, of the "Pica- 
yune," and Miss Bisland, of the "Democrat," for favors ren- 
dered . 



CONTRIBUTOKS AND (JONTJtilBUTIOlSS. 



COXTETBT'TOES A XT) COXTRIBITIOXS. 



31lis. M. ToDZWEJj — Contributed tlint lock li«'Vol\ cr l)roiij;lil 
IVom Blois, 176.S, used in America in (lie War ol" independence. 
Sword of Jean Lafitte, Pirate of tlie Gulf, pardoned by Frencli 
(xoveninient for assistance rendered to the Americans at battle 
of Xew Orleans. 

GF8TAVE Dafboix — < 'utlass of i)omin,i;d Yen. Fii'st Fjieu- 
tiMiant on Lafirte's Ship. 

J. Moore Soniat-dv-Fosbat — Sword of Colonel .James 
Bowie, one of the "Heroes of tlie Alamo.'' 

Captain Wm. Bulljtt — Sword of ('olonel ,Ios. Paniell, 
who. at his own expense, mounted and equi])ped a cavalry rep,i- 
ment which served during the Revolutionary war. This Hword 
was also used at the battle of New Orleans, in ISlf). 

H. M. F'AVROT. West Baton Rouge — Silver mounted S^ord 
which belonged to General (xellusseau; it was not only used in 
the French Revolution in T 788, but also in the United States 
during the 'war of 1812; its history can be traced back one hur,- 
dred and thirty years. 

J. KlTNEMAX, St. James — ^Sword captured at Shih>ii. 

H. M. Favkot, West Baton Rouge — Extremely antique 
short Sword. 

(7ENERAL John L. Lewis, New Orleans — Silvei- mounted 
Swoi'd presented to General Kellermau, commander of cavali-y, 
by tlie Executive Directory, foi- gallant conduct at the l)att]e of 
Marengo. By his bravery and skillful niilitai-y tactics, Keller- 
man secured the victory at Marengo, when it was considered 
lost. General Kellermau himself presented this Sword to his 
friend General Lewis. 

Mrs. ,J. a. Hincks, New Orleans— Battle Sword of (General 
H. W. Allen, Avho not oidy was a valiant leader of the Confed- 
erate forces during the wai- of secession, but also (lOAcrnor oi" 
Louisiana at the same period. 

Mme. J. Lavergne, New Orleans— Silver mounted Sword 
and Silver Spurs of Major General Villere. 



56 CUNTKlBUTOKiS AND CUNTK1EU'110N>^. 



Mrs. Walter Stauffer — Gold mounted Sword presented 
to her o-randfatlier, General Zacliary Taylor, by the State ol" 
Virginia, in recognition of his victories in Mexico. 

Sword and Helmet used by General Taylor during the 
Mexican war. 

OuAcMiiTA Parish— Swoi'd presented by the Governor 
General of Louisiana, Don Estevan Miro, to Don Juan Filhiol, 
first commandant of the District of Onacliita, an*! donor, in 178.'}. 
of a scpiare of ground on Mliicli is buill tlic Ouachita Court 
House. 

Labatut — Sword used t>y (Jeneral Labatut at the battle of 
^ew Orleans, and by his son during the Mexican war. 

Emile Daboval — Sword used in l>attle of Xew Orleans ))y 
Captain Cotre. 

H.-M. Favrot — Sword which lu'longed to a member of tlie 
Body-Guard of the Count d'Artois, afterwards Cliarles X, of 
France. This arm was brought from Fiance by one of the 
D'Arensbourg family; it was used at the battle of Xew Orleans, 
and later belonged to the Freemasons. 

H. F. Bai.dwin — Sword used at tlie battk' of New Orh^ans 
by Colonel Michel Fortier, in command of a body of colored 
troops. 

H. M. Favrot— Sword used in 1812 by a United States 
officer, who died at Baton Eouge in 1822. 

Jno. Seyhourxe Moore — Silver inlaid tlint lock Kitle of 
Col. Rezin P. Bowie ; this was used in Virginia during the war 
of secession by a young Confederate soldier. 

D. M. HOLLINGSWORTH — A EiHe bearing on it this inscrip- 
tion: " Buena Vista, Mexico, February 22nd and 28rd, 1847, 
First Sargt. D. M. Hollingsworth, Company A, First Missis- 
sippi Rifles, Col. Jeff. Davis.'' 

Mrs. Gardanne — ^Flint lock Musket with bayonet attached, 
used at battle of New Orleans by Cassimir Gardanne. 

Mrs. H. Palfrey — Flint lock Musket with bayonet at- 
tached, used at battle of Xew Orleans, 1815. 

Jos. W. Leayiere — Pistol used at battle of New Orleans. 



CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 



S. TuRPiN — Flag used at battle of N^ew Orleans. 

Mrs. McDani el— Parade Flag of the West Feliciana Vol- 
unteers during the Mexican war. 

B. E. Chism — Flag which was carried by the Americans in 
the Mexican war. 

Mrs. Frank Parkinson — Confedei-ate Flag presented by 
the ladies of ISTew Orleans to the Crescent Giiai'ds in 1801. 

Oscar Dx'peike — Conlederate Flag carried by Dreux 
Battalion during the entire Avar of secession ; it is riddled by 
l)ullets, tatteied and sinoke stained, showing that, like those 
who bore it, it did its duty 

T^ioxEL Levy— Blood stained Confederate Flag, carried in 
Miginia during the war of secession, and used to lay over the 
dead Confederates at their burial. 

J. Watts Kearney — Tomahawk captured from the Rock 
Island Indians. 

H. M. Favrot — Tomahawk carried by Le Blanc de Ville- 
neuve. Commandant at Ojielousas, who always wore Indian 
costume when he went among Indians, and who wrote the tirst 
literary work ever produced in Louisiana, in 1753. Knife 
Scabbard and Leather Belt of Le Blanc de Villeneuve. 

Edmond Villere — Document naming Roy de Villere 
Brevet Auditor of the Louisiana Navy in 1750 ; it contains the 
autographic signature of Louis XV, of France. 

Miss Josephine Favrot — Document dated January 1st, 
1751, signed by the Marquis de Vaudreuil, Governor of Louisi- 
ana under the French Dominion. 

Leave of absence granted to Lieutenant Favrot of the 
French army in the Province of Louisiana, dated December 22, 
1773, and having the autographic signature of Louis XV, of 
France. 

Orders issued to Pierre Favrot, dated January lOth, 1775, 
with autograph of Louis XVI. 

Military instructions issued to Favrot, Captain of Infantry, 
dated September 4th, 17G1, signed by Kerlerec, Governor of 
Louisiana from 1753 to 1763, 



58 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 



Mrs. L. Dolhoxde — Spanish Dociiiucnt dated Octo))er 12, 
177o, signed by J. Lalitte, and the autographic answei- of 
Ynzaga (Spanish Goveinoi- of Louisiana from 1770 to 177!>). 
dated October 14, 177o. 

Spanish Document dated .July 1st. 17!>7, witli autograi)h of 
Baron de Carondelet, Spanish Gov<Mnor of Louisiana from 1 7!)2 
to 1797. 

Rules governing land concessions in Louisiana, dated .luly 
17, 171>!>. signed by Juan Ventura Morales. 

French Passport of Francois Xavier Uei-bigny, dated 1797; 
signatures attached are all illegible. 

Sj)anish Passport of Augustin Derbigny. dated August 7. 
1804, with autograph of Casacalvo, one of Louisiana's Spanish 
Governors. 

Miss St. Martin — Document, having attached the auto- 
graph of Baron de Carondelet, Governoi- of Louisiana, dated 
June 5, 1795. 

Mrs. L. I)()[,H(>x1)K — Act of Sale to the Frsuline Nuns, 
dated February 8, 1730 or 17.%, signed by Paul Ducatel, 0. 
J^erbigny and others. 

Panger's Map of New Orleans, showing also the Levee ; it 
bears date of May 29, 1724, and the certifications in 1817 of 
Jacques Villere, Governor of Louisiana: Maziireau, Secretary 
of State : Macarty, Mayoi- : Tanesse, City Surveyor, and JMicliael 
de Armas, Notary Public. 

View of the Harbor of New Orleans, certified to by the 
same iiarties. dated 1817. 

Copy of C'ertificate of Baptism performed in St. Louis 
Cathedral July 21, 1749, signed Dagobert, Vicar General, and 
also Ynzaga and Joseph Foucher. This Father Dagobert was 
the Superior of the Capuchin Fi-iars, who, in 1717, had secured 
for their body exclusive ecclesiastical jurisdiction over New 
Orleans and a large portion of the territory of Louisiana ; these 
Friars came from the Province of Champagne. 

Bdmond Villere — Document written by d' Argenton Octo- 
ber 20, 1790. 



CONTKIEUTOES AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 59 



H. F. Baldwin — Autograph Letter by Gayoso de Lemos, of 
date June 9, 1 798. 

C. A. Thornton, Eapides I'arish — The original last will 
and testament of Mary Washington, mother of Gen. George 
Washington, dated May 20, 17S0. 

Exti'act made from the baptismal registry of St. Gabriel's 
Church in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, JuDe."), ISOS; this extract 
is a copy of certiticate of a l)aptism performed at this church in 
March of 1792 by Father Bonaventui-o de Cabo, ajid is signed 
by Father Desainthiene, the i)astor. The Chuich of St. Gabriel 
is said to be built on the site where dMberville heard his tirst 
mass when settling Louisiana. 

P^DMOND Vii.LP^RE — Bre\'et of First Lieutenant, Second 
Company of Militia in Louisiana, signed by Laussat, counter- 
signed by D'Angerot. 

Autogra|)h Letter li'om Thomas Jeflerson, of date Septem- 
ber 24, 1 808. 

Commission as Colonel of the Third Hegiment of Louisiana 
Militia, issued to Gabriel Villere by W. C. C. Claiborne. 

Commission of Captain in Seventh Regiment of Louisiana. 
Militia, given to Jean Baptiste Hebert by Governor W. C. C. 
Claiborne. 

J. S. AiTKTNS — Shi]) raj)ei's signed V)y Thos. Jefferson, 
President ol" the Ignited States; James Madison, Secretary of 
State, and James Simons. Collector of Port at Charleston, dated 
1802. 

Mrs. L. Dolhonde — Lafond's Claims, dated 1810, with 
niaj) of the city of IS'ew Orleans of that period. 

EL F. BaIvDWIN — Autograph Letter from (General Andrew 
Jackson, dated January 24, 1815. 

Jules Laver(tNp: — Autograjdi Letter* from (ieneral Andi-ew 
Jackson to Major General Villere. dated Pleadquarters, January 
2;}rd, 1815. 

Letter from Genend Lafayette to Mr. Lavergne, dated June 
2nd, 1812. 



60 CONTK'IBUTOKH AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 



Letter dated May 4th, 1815, and directed thus: ''To Mr. 
— , residing on the Levee, near the Church.'' 



Order issued to Felix Forstall, January 11th, 1815, to 
deliver twenty-three wounded British prisoners, and to demand 
receipt for same, signed Lavergne ; on the reverse is the receipt, 
signed P. L- B. Duplessis. 

:\Irs. L. Dolhondk — Power of Attorney given to Charles 
Derbigny (son of Governer Pierre Derbigny), by Marie Joseph 
Paul Roeh Yves Gilbert Dumottier Lafayette, Major General in 
the Revolutionary Army of the Ignited States, dated February 
16, 1880 ; signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of Kobt. 
K. Hunter and S. I). Boulanger. 

eTuLES Laviirgne — Card of invitation extended to Mr. 
Lavergneby General Lafayette, June 17, 1812. 

Alfred Lanaux — Autograph Letter from Lafayette to 
Governor Villere, dated from Lagrange, the residence of Lafay- 
ette, September 4, 1712. 

J. LAVEK(iNE — Autograph Letter from Lafayette to Mr. 
Lavergne. Lagrange, July 26, 1812. 

Miss Blanchi: Lorenzon — Autograph Letter from Lafay- 
ette to Felix Paul — Lagrange, October 8, 1829. 

Mks. Hardy, of Tangipahoa — Tax Bill 1767 and an account 
sale of 1800. 

Gov. Mouton, St. Martins^'ille — Verbal Process of Andrew 
Jackson's electoral vote to the Presidency in 1832, drawn by 
John R. Grimes. This is one of the three original certificates 
which the law requires to be deposited in the United States 
Court. It bears signatures of the following electors : J. B. 
Plauche, Trasimond Landry, A. Mouton. W. H. Overton ; the 
fifth is illegible. 

Miss C St. Martin — Autographic Letter of Governor W. 
C. C Claiborne, addressed to Judge St. Martin. 

Jules Lavergne — A petition from the citizens of New 
Orleans begging to have troops raised and offering money for 
the purpose, dated September 8, 1813; signed R. J. Ducros, J. 
Etienne Boree (who first succeeded in granulating sugar in 



CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUIIONS. 61 

Louisiana), Moriere Fazende, Delery, Jacques Villere, B, 
Macaity, F. Bieuveuu, L. C Le Breton Descliapelles, P. La- 
barre, Clias. Oliver Forcelle, Bei-nard de Marisiiiy. li. Devei'ges, 
T. Soniat Dufossat, Cirille Ai'uoult, kS. C. Fortier, Louis de 
Feriet, Guichard J. Bitot. Quau de la Croix, Pierre Pedesclaux, 
Ijivaudais, Foucher, Moreno, P. Sauve, J. Fortier. T. L. 
Zeringnes, father and son, Hubert Zeringues, Harang, I). 
Bouligny, Mayronne, De La Roche, Chas. Dehanlt Delassus, 
Cazelar, Lefebore, L. J. Beauregard, C. Chiapella, Pierre 
Lacoste, P. Denis de la Bonde, and several illegible. 

Document signed by Lakanal one of the signers of the 
death warra,ut of Louis XVI, of France, who, after the restoi-a- 
tion of the regal government, sought refuge in New Orleans, 
where he became President of Orleans College. 

Olivier Carrierk — Autographic Letter fi'om General 
Tjafayette, dated Paris, July '2nd, 1S23. 

Note wi-itten by G. W. Lafayette, son of General Lalay- 
ette, in which he accepts an invitation to a fourth of July 
dinner, dated Pai-is, July 3, 1823. 

Mrb. C. de Lacy — Consular Commission signed by Presi- 
dent John Tyler, and Fletchei- Webster, Acting Secretary of 
State, September 8, 1827. 

Consular Commission signed by President John Quincy 
Adams, and Henry (-lay, Secretary of State, Septembei' 8th. 
1827. 

Miss A. W. Elliott — Military Orders issued to Captain 
Shaw, December 15, 1814 ; signed by A. Laneuville, Adjutant 
General. 

H. F. Baldwin — Bond issued by General Narcisso Lopez, 
dated New Orleans, April 30, 1850, and bears autograph of 
Narcisso Lopez, J. Sanchez Tuzaga, Ambroise Jose Gonzales and 
C. P. Smith. 

Miss D. Forstall — A newspaper entitled " Olden Times;'" 
it is a cojjy of the " New Oilcans Telegraph,'' published July 
21, 1804, containing the first fourth of July oration delivered 
in Louisiana, on which occasion Mr. Pierre Derbigny,afteiwards 
fifth Governor of Louisiana, was the orator. 



62 CONTRTBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 



Mrs. L. Dolhonde — " Moiiiteui- de la Loiiisiane.'" August 
IG, 1804 : it contains an address of tlie Ignited States Congress 
to tlie Canadians, in 1774. Tlie " Monitenr " was the tii'st papei- 
ever published in Louisiana ; it made its appeaiance in 1794. 
under the auspices of the Baron de Caiondelet. 

"Journal de Paiis," Marcli 1L>, ISIS. 

Miss S^■I)0^'IK Wif/rz — Fiist Directory of the City of New 
Orleans, i)ublished in 1811. 

Chas. a. Mouton, Lafayette Parish — Folio of the "ruittMl 
States Gazette," published in New York and Fhiladeli)hia from 
July 22, 1790, to January 21, 179L. 

Miss FoRSTALL — •' Le Passe Temps,"" publisiied in Louisi- 
ana in the French language, January 5, 1828. 

()i.[VIi;k Carrjeke — ''Monitenr de la Louisiane,"" August 
9, 1809. 

Aloide Momx) — Ulster County "(iazette,"' of January 4tli. 
1800 : this contains an account of (Jeneral Waslnngton"s death 
and funeral. 

A. W. Elliott — Ten Colonial Cui-rency Bills: framed. 

H. F. Baldwin — The ''Telegraph,"" of 1804; it is printed in 
both Fiench and English, and is the lirst paper in wJiich tlie 
Fnglish language appeaivd in Louisiana; it contains Derbigny's 
fourth of .Inly oration. 

Miss Helen Eastin, Lafayette J^arish — J*resident Jacksoji's 
fii'st message to the United States iu 1829. 

Ma.jor Potts — A Colonial Bill of Revolutionary days, a 
Bill of the F^rench Revolution, and one of f^mfederate Rebel- 
lion, dated respectively 17 7(5, 179;>, and 1801 : they are framed 
together so as to repiesent the three great Re\olutions No- 
vember 2d. 

Miss Laitra G. Keller — Autograph Letter from General 
Washington to Governor (Minton. of New York, dated Head- 
quarters, F^redericksburg. 

Very old Map of the City of New Orleans, and of the mouth 
of the Mississippi rivei". 



CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. (>^ 



Mrs. Eug. SoNiiT-Dr-FosiSAT — Land survej' madn on tlic 
Ohio river, iii the colony of Virginia, for Ensign John Harper, 
.Inly 20, 177;^. according- to an order issned in 17(j.'}. by his Ma- 
jesty, George J II. 

Map of I'Ouisiana and of the Mississip])i river at the lime it 
was explored by DeSoto. 

M. C. Randali. — ^Actsof the first session oil lie first Legisla- 
tuic of the Territory of Orleans, March 2(), lS()(i. 

(iABRiEL Vtllb:ke — Biography of the Roner de Viller^ 
family, descendants of Etienne Roy de Villere, who accomi)a- 
nied Ibei'ville in his very first voyage to the Mississip])i ; and 
among whom were Joseph Roy de Villere, apx)ointed by Louis 
XY Secretary of the Navy in Louisiana in 1750, and who after- 
wards fell victim to O'Reilly in 17<)7, and also James Philip Vil- 
lere, second Governor of Louisiana. Major Gabriel Villere, son 
of the Governor, escaped from the British troops who had cap. 
turedhim on his lather's plantation, and at the risk of his life 
made his way to New Oi'leans and announced the arrival of the 
Jiritish to Jackson ; this being his tirst information conceruiug 
their landing. 

Mrs. Eug. Soniat-du-Fossat — Passport of Colonel Rezin 
P. Bowie, member of the House of Representatives of Louisiana, 
giving him permission to gt) by land to '' Texan in Mexico;'' 
dated June IG, 1831, signed A. B. Roman, Governor of Louis- 
iana, George A. Waggaman, Secretai-y of State, and R. P. Bowie, 
Bearer of Passport. 

Address of the Louisiana House of Representatives to the 
people of France, congratulating them on the success of theii- 
Revolution of July 27, 28, 29, 1831. This is printed on satin 
and su]'rounded by the names of the Representatives of each 
parish. In addition to these are those of A. B. Roman, Gover- 
nor of Louisiana ; George A. Waggaman, State Secretary ; A. 
Mouton, President of the House ; A. Pitot, Secretary ; L. Allard» 
T. C. Nicholls, andChas. Gayarro, Reporter for Committee. 

Mrs. L. Dolhonde — Actsof first session of tirst Legislature 
of the ^tate of Louisiana, July 27, 1812. 

H. F. Baldwin— The Weekly "Picayune.'' New Orleans, 



04 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIiilTTIONy. 

September 7, 1840, containiiio; a notice headed : A niie inven- 
tion — " Tlie Steam Engine." 

H. F. Baldwin — Sunday '•])elta," New Orleans, Febinaiy 
10, 18()1, containing sketch of Jeff. Davis' life an<l notice of liis 
election to the Presidency of the (Confederate States of America. 

Zenon DE MoBUEi.LE — Monilng "Courier." i)ul>lislHHl at 
Port Hudson, May 11, ISO.'i 

Files of the "x^voyellfs Pelican," from October 12, 1801, to 
January of 1863, and from end of January, 18();), to March 12, 
1804. These papers are printed on wall paper, the uni\'ei'sal 
suV)stitute foi- printing paper when it was exhausted in the South 
during the war of secession. These files were preserved by A. 
«& A. D. Lafargue, editors and proprietors of tlie paper. 

Mrs. Fug. Soniat-du-Fo«sat — ^The "Daily Citizen,'' 
Vicksl»urg, July 2, 1803: it is i)rinted on wall paper. This 
papei' had been set in type by the Confederates, and some I'cmark 
made in it as to how little danger there was that (Jraiil would 
take his fourth of July dinner in Vicksburg : the city was en- 
tered by Grant l)efore the papei' was issued, the Federals com- 
j)leted it, adding these lines on July 4th : "Two days bring 
about great changes ; the banner of the Union floats over Vicks- 
burg- This is the last M^all paper edition, and is, excepting 
this note, from the types as we found them.'" 

H. F. Baldwin — Confederate newspaper on wall paper. 

Miss Sadie Marshall — Pen Point used by Henry Mar- 
shall, of DeSoto Parish, to sign the secession of Louisiana, and a 
second Pen used by him to sign the act of secession of the Con- 
federacy. 

Constitution of the Confederate States — desk copy used by 
Ml". Marshall in the Southern Congress, and corrected aiul 
revised by him ; also a second copy printed after revision used 
by him. 

H. F. Baldwin — Louisiana Spelling Book, pul)lislied in 
the Confederacy in 1864, containing brief sketches of Confed- 
erate Generals, principal exents in Louisiana History, names of 
the Government and State officials, roll of the State Legislature 
of 1864. 



CONTRIBUTOK8 AND CONTitlBUTIONS. (>5 



Mrs. Jos. H. Oglesby — A book, "Joseph Tand his Court," 
printed during the war of secession, and hound in wall paper. 

Miss JosEPiirME Favrot — Docnments signed by Louis XV 
and Fjouis XVI; one by d* Iberville, oiu' by Kerlerec and 
auothei- by Vaudreuil. "L"Aini des iiois,'' printed in Xew 
Orleans, 1815; "Gazette de Baton Eouge," 1821; "Tele- 
graphe," 18(){>; Supplement of "Moniteur;" Almanacs of 1805 
and 1812. 

Henry Palfrkv — l^incnshion made of scraps of Hrst (-on- 
I'ederate flag belonging to Louisiana. 

JoHX A. Watktns — Imperial Hagle from the shako of a 
Fiench soldier : it Avas found on the battle held of Waterloo. 

Mrs. Barbey — Duchesse lace collar and cuffs worn by 
Louise de la Valliere during the reign of Louis XfV. 

Mrss Leoxik Pi< 'hot— Rosary of ambei- and I\eli<|uary of 
Limoges enamel, which belonged to the Duchesse d' Angouleme, 
daughter of Louis X VI. 

Miss Anna Gordon— Locks of hair of Marie Antoinett<", 
of her daughter, Mde. Royale, and of hei- son, the Dauphin. 

Mrs. Samuel H. Kennedy — Lock of hair cut from the 
head of Xajjoleon I by Gen. Bertrand at St. Helena. 

Mrss C St. Martin— Scarf and ribbon badge worn by (ren. 
Lafayette. 

Mr. PiKiH, of Amite City — Ball dress worn by Miss Chap- 
man at a reception given to Gen. Lafayette on his visit here 
in 1825. 

Mrs. L. DoriioNDE — Tea set belonging to (iovernor Piene 
Derbigny and used at a fete given by him to Gen. Lafayette. 

Set of Rhine Stone Jewelry, belonging for two hundred 
years to the Derbigny family, and woi-n by Mrs. Governoi- 
Derbigny. 

Medal commemorating execution of Louis XVl. 

Mrs. de Laca' — Lock of Andrew Jackson's hair. 

Miss B. Bernard — Also a lock of Jackson's hair. 



66 CONTRIBUTORS AND (JONTKIBUTIONS. 



Colonial bill of |30, July '^2. 1770, and a copper cent of 
near the same date. 

Dr. Sam. Logan — Silver medal, fac simile of a gold one 
presented to Gen. Zachary Taylor by the State of Louisiana in 
honor of his Mexican victories ; thei-e were several silver and 
bronze fac similes struck otf and pi-esented by the Legislature ' 
to men of distinction ; this one was given to Judge King, of 
Opelousas. 

Inkstand made of the hoof of a horse killed while being 
ridden by Gen. Beauregard at the battle of Manassas. 

Mrs. Mc'Keough — Sun-bonnet made of pine straw, and 
Morn in Alabama during the secession war. 

Mrs. E. T. Merrick — Bit of li<>niesi)nn clotli woven in tlie 
Confederacy, and worn during the wai' as a ball dress by a 
Southern girl. 

Waiter given with a tea set to .Joseph Locke, of Tennessee, 

as premium on best cotton raised in Ouachita Parish in -, 

and sample of cotton. 

Silver dipper given as preminm to .Joseph Locke for three 
best bales of cotton in 1S4.'"), and sam])le of cotton. 

Mrs. F. S. de Lacy— Irish newspaper, "The Nation," 
containing one of Thomas Moore's songs, printed in the Irish 
tongue. 

''The Ai-gns," published New Orleans, T.S24. 

" Louisiana Statesman," Lafayette, -June 21st, 1845. (Lafay- 
ette is now the Fourth District of New Orleans : but in 1845 was 
a separate corpoi-ation). 

Five water color pictures, repi'esenting female beauties of 
the beginning of this century. 

Two pieces of tapestry work done in 1820. 

A watch, semi-globular in shape, eighty-five years old. 

Frank T. Bartlett — Watch charm made of bit of flag 
staff" of Fort Sumter. 

Small white grounded Confederate flag. 

Photograph of hoisting of first Confederate flag put up in 
New Orleans ; jjicture was taken at the moment. 



CONTRIBUTORS AND OONTRFBUTIONS. Cu 



Mrs. M. a. TRIPLER—Mne old books, ])ul)lishefl in London 
in tlie seventeeutli, eigliteentli and niiieteenth centuries. 

''Historical Remarques and ( )bservations of the Ancient 
and Present State of London and Westminster, by Burton. 

Old prayer and psalm book, pi'inted at Oxford. 1704 — 
Queen Anne's time. 

Christian Sacrifice, printed in London, l(>75 — Charles 11 
reign. 

Ladies' Magazine, London, 1779, 17S7, JS07. 

(lentlemen's Magazine, London; 1787. 1800. 

Antique cu]) and saucei". from India. 

Pitcher, eighty years old, commemorating victory of Lord 
Nelson. 

Antique j^itcher, over one hundred years old. 

Mrs. F. S. de Lacy — Antique embroidei-y on silk. 

Autograph letter from Xapoleon Til, written while in exile. 

Memorial medal, worn at Washington's funeral 

Autographs of John Quiucy Adams. John Tyler, Fletcher 
Webster and Henry Clay. 

A badge worn at, and ode commemorative of, opening of 
Croton Aqueduct, New York. 

Mrs. Chas. Gayarre — Dagger of Lafitte. 

Mrs. Vredenburgh — Portrait and will of Bishop Dubonrg, 
who was the second Bishop consecrated expressly for the diocese 
of Louisiana. Bishop Penalvert, who first had charge of the 
Church in Louisiana, belonged to Havana. Bishop Porro was 
consecrated for Louisiana, but died before leaving Rome. 
Bishop Dubourg was consecrated soon after this. 

Mrs. McDonald — Medal of Commodore Ed. Preble. 

Sword belonging to B. F. Reed in 1804. 

Dr. Souchon — Engraving of battle of Ni^w Orleans. 

Piece of battle flag of 1815. 



68 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 



Miss Guyot — Flag Staff used at battle of New Orleans. 

Miss Fayrot — Lady's N'etted Cap, OYer 100 years old. 

Miss Emily Coiron — Sunday "Delta" of April 12th. 1S,")7. 
giYing an account of the introduction of sugar cane into Louisi- 
ana in 17.")!. by the Jesuits of Leoganne, Bay of Port an Prince. 
St. Domingo, who sent it, and shives accustomed to its culture, 
to the branch of tlieir order in New Oi-leans. The cane was of 
the Malabar oi- Bengal variety, since called Creole cane, and 
was planted by the Jesuit Fathers, in what is now the first dis- 
tinct of the city ; but what was at that time their plantation, 
and just above the upper limits of New Orleans, as i* then ex- 
isted. The Otaheitan Cane was brouglit fiom the West Indies 
somewhere in 171>6 or 1707. This paper also describes the intro- 
duction of the red or purple ribl)on cane, which is a native of 
Java ; in or near 1814 an Amei-icaii schooner bionglit a few 
bundles of tliis cane from a Dutch cokmy, at St. Eustatius. to 
Georgia, where they were planted by a Mi-. King, not fai' from 
the mouth of the Savannah river, on St. Simon's Island. In 
1S17, John Jos. Coiron brought a dozen canes fiom there and 
planted them in his gaiden, at Teriv aux Pweufs. In 18->5, Mr. 
Coiron, having succeeded in his exi>erinicnt with the first cane, 
impoi'ted a sloop load from Savaimah. which he planted on his 
St. Sophie i)lantation (hnown since as the Millaudon Place), 
about thirty-six miles below New Orleans. In this manner was 
the Javanese or ]-il)bon cane brought to Louisiana. Mr. Coiron 
made gifts of it to his friends, and the cultui-e l>ecame genei-al. 

A. P. Palm — Indian Relics — Two pottery vases and eiglit 
tomahawk heads from Mounds, near Arkadelphia. 

One green tomahawk head, one arrow head, and p(n-tion of 
bead necklace from Mound, in Virginia. 

Louisiana tomahawk and four arrow heads liom Tangi- 
j)ahoa. 

Twenty-two roughly finished arrow lieads, eighteen un- 
finished arrow heads and two knives, found on the Menelas 
estate, two miles from Brookhaven. Miss. 

One tomahawk, twenty one arrowheads, twelve spear heads 
and a pestle from CaveC'lty . C'lay head and collection of broken 
pottery ware from shell mounds, near Portersville, 



CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 69 



Two spear heads, one small chisel, seventeen arrow heads, 
lour siiikei'S, two disks, and portion of tomahawk from sliell 
mounds near Mobile. 

Stone pi])e from sand hanks near Bainbridge, (ieoioia. 

A. P. Ralli — East India Arms, consisting ol" one black 
buck horn shield, saciificial knife, bludgeon, sword with gaunt- 
let, gun, three swords, two daggers, spear spike, calai- bickava 
and shield of oinanuMited hide. 

Three Japanese swoids. 

One Turkish sword. 

Six Turkish pistols. 

All)anian jdstol with ramrod. 

P'our Circassian daggei's. 

Mrs. C H. Tebault — Silver Tea Spoon brought ovei- on 
the May Flower, by William Bradford. 

Miss Sidonie Wiltz — Latin Document written on parch- 
ment, previous to the era of printing. 

OuiviER Carkieke — Papal deci-ee written in Latin on 
parchment, in 1455: 

Mrs. M. a. Tripler — " Textus Senteutiam" of Peter of 
Lombardy, teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas ; this book is printed 
in old Latin and Eoglish black letter ; it is bound in beech- 
wood and bear skin, and was printed in 1488, printing itself 
having beeu then in use only forty years. Attached to the book 
is an iron hook, by which, in the times when books were trea- 
sures and carefully guai'ded, it was chained to a reading desk in 
a Monastery. 

Mrs. Tripler — "Historic of Philip de Commines, Knight 
aud Lord of Argenton ; London, 1596.'' 

Book of Magick of John Baptista Porta, a JSTeapolitan ; 
printed 1658. 

Fac Simile of Death Warrant of Charles I. with liis por- 
trait attached; also the signatures of those who ordered his 
execution. 

Carved Chest of English Black Oak, live hundred years old, 



'0 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 



which came originally from Worcester Cathedral; church records 
were kept in it; the Catholic Church was despoiled of it 
iu the days of Henry VIII. 

Wedding Slippers of George 111 reign. 
Small painting of English Lady by Sir Joshua Reynolds. 
Crayon Drawing by Penryn Williams, of Wales. 
Two extremely old Aquarelles from Somei'set shire, in 
England. 

Jno. Connelly — Two German China Phites over two hun- 
dred years old. 

Mrs. E. T. Merrick — Plate with picture of McDouogh's 
victory on Lake Champlain. 

Mrs. Dolhoxde — Plates which belonged to Governoi- 
Pierre Derbigny. 

Miss S. Marshal!- — Cup beai-ing picture of Commodore 
Porter. 

Alfred Kearny — Revolving bronze Inkstand. 

Miss Sidonie Wiltz — Bronze Mortar and I*estle three 
hundred jears old. 

Miss Julia Herrick — Extremely old Cream Jug. 

Miss Regina Fremaux — Cujj and Saucer which seems to 
be made from some specie of peculiar marble ; but it is of plain 
white china, on which this effect was produced by ])urning iu 
the great Chicago fire. 

Mrs. Joseph Jones — Book bound in alligator hide. 

John Connelly — Medal struck off in honor of Wm. Pitt, 
Earl of Chatham, ha\ing on it his efiigy. 

Mrs. H. Wehrmann — Original Music Manuscripts of 
Gottschalk (1855), one of which is veiy curious. Also speci- 
mens of Music Plate engraving done by the contributoi-. 

Mrs. L. Dolhonde — Game of Patience, dated 1811. 

Mrs. Vredenburgh — Tumbler having on it a smdl like- 
ness or picture of the Count de Cbambord : this was once the 
property of the Duke de Berry. 



OONTRIBUTORy AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 71 



Olivier Carriere — Autograph Letter of Victor Hugo. 

George Josse, of Vermillionville — Violiu iiuicle l)y the 
contributor. The bottom is of Guarnerius, the cek-biated violin 
inaker Mr. Josse constructed the balance of the instrument, 
and elaborately inlaid the back with marquetteries representing 
the Dome of St. Peter, at Rome, and the Escurial, of Madrid. 

Mrs. Christina Harrison — Table Cloth woven in 1750. 

Mrs. M. W. Dodd— Copy of Virgil presented to Eleanor 
Ckistis by Martha Wii»shington. 

Mrs. W. a. Carey — Embroidered Velvet Cape worn tifty 
years ago by Mrs. Carey, grand niece of T'homas Jefteison. 

Scarf spun and netted by Thomas Jefferson's sister from 
some of the first cotton grown in the State of Virginia. 

"News from the Stars," an astronomical pamphlet printed 
in 1692. 

Portrait of Thomas Jefferson taken in Paris while he was 
Minister to France, 1784. 

Mrs. J. Y. Gilmore — First issue of the " Morning Herald," 
New York, May 6, 1835. 

St. Vincent Asylum — Curious Walking Cane made of 
horn circles joined together, 

E. MgGehee, West Feliciana — Walking Cane made by an 
Indian, and carved by him to represent his idea of the Egyptian 
Plague. 

Mrs. E. T. Merrick — A Spinning Wheel presented to Mrs, 
Benjamin Trumbull when she was married, December, 1760. A 
towel woven from flax spun by her on this wheel, and a sample 
of the dax she used. 

Ike C. Dick — French Huguenot Bible, 316 years old. 

Mrs, J. R. Perry — Thimble, sixty years old. 

Mrs. Eug. Soniat-du-Fossat — Antique Spanish gold 
Needle Case. 

Miss David a Trump y — Norwegian Medal, 
H. McKnight, Grant Parish — Miniature Portrait of Gen- 
eral Hugh Waddel, a British ofi&cer, afterwards an officer of the 



iJ CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 

Colonial Army of tlic ll('\()lutioii. It was painted by Sir Josliiia 
Keyiiolds. 

Mrs. 1). FoRSTAiJ,— Watch of Lafitte. "the Pirate.'' 

Miss May Cl/ck— Miniature of Commodore John Henry 
Clack, I'liited States Xavy, a nati\e ol Mecklenburg, N'ii-ginia ; 
] tainted 1S2(>. 

Miss E. Bernard — INTetal Buckle of tlie last century. 

Mrss SiDONiE WiLTZ — Coin of KilH. attached as bangle to a 
bra(;elet eighty years old. 

Mrs. M. C. Kaile — Cross made from a bit of the Charter 
Oak. 

Box whicli belonged to a Toilette Set presented to Mi's. 
Martha Washington by (ieneial Washington. 

S. H. Davis, (ireen City, Missouri — The oldest Duplicate 
Draft of the Banking Mouse of Benoist, Shaw & Co., of Xew 
Orleans ; being for four hundred dollars, and dated July 24, 185;"). 

Mrs. C. E. Kelly — Antique silver Shoe Buckle, set with 
brilliants. 

Very old gold Shoe Buckle. OAal shaped, and set with bril- 
liants. 

T. W. WiLMARSH, Jr. — English Penknife of 1740, used for 
lifly years, and brought to America in 1790. 

Mrs. C. E. Kelly — Locket, heart-shaped, made of crystal 
and gold, i^resented to a child in Pensacola, Florida, by a squaw 
w ho had taken it from the neck of a lady massaci'ed at Fort 
Mims, Alabama. 

Mrs. EiT(i. Sontat-du-Fossat — Exti-emely old Pincushion, 
bound around with a silver hoop, and made to hang from a 
lady's waist. 

Mrs. C. E. Kelly — Two antique Spanish Combs, one of 
Tortoise shell, the other of silver, set with brilliants; these 
were worn by a Florida lady during the days of the Spanish 
Regime. She never wore a bonnet until after the cession of 
Floiidato the United States. 

M Rs. BuDDENDORF — Quecu Auue Jiible. 



CONTEIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 



Miss May Clack — Bible of the Livingstone family, pi-inted 
1765. 

Mrs. EiG. Soniat-du-Fossa'!' — Travels in Anieriea inisoi;. 
pi'inted in London in ISOS. 

"Primitive Physic" a medical work, written in ITS,") by 
Jonn Wesley; with prefaces from live ditferent ministers. 

Mks. 1)£ Lacy — Baby Dress, two baby Shiits, and a baby 
Cap, all being fine needle work, forty-tive years old. 

Waist of ball Diess worn in ISOL'. 

Hand embroidered Fichn made tweuty-tixe years ago, and 
embroidered Pincushion of same date. 

liaby Dress of transferred work made foity-tiAe years ago. 

•'The Orphans," apiece of embroidery done previous to 
1812. 

N'ery tine crocheted Collai', piece of point lace, and lady's 
Reticule, all vei'y old. 

(Jold Chain made in Paj'is. in 177."). 

Mrs. McKEOiKiH — Portrait of Lsaiah Thomas, a Bostonian, 
who in his youth was a printer, and passed from town to tow n 
with his press on his back; during the Kevolution he published 
the "Massachusetts Spy" in Worcester, Mass, and became a 
celebrated patriot of the Revolution. He founded the Antiqua- 
rian Society of Worcester, giving land for its buildings, a public 
hall, a library of one thousand volumes, and several thousand 
dollars; he was himself first Pi-esident of the Society. 

Green silk Umbrella carried by Isaiah Thomas, when travel- 
ling through Massachusetts, as a printer. 

Tea Set that came over on the May Flowei-, an<l belonged to 
Lsaiah Thomas. 

Bible printed by Isaiah Thomas in 1791. 
Sash worn by wife of Isaiah Thomas in 1785. 

Blue China Bowl, which is one of the first pieces of crockery 
nnide in the United States, and belonged to Isaiah Thomas.- 

Mrs. de Lacy — Ticket of Invitation to Buchanan's Inau- 
guration Ball, 1857. 



74 C'ONTRIBUTOEH AND CONTRIBl TIONS. 

" The Louisiana Statesman," dated .June Ul, 1845, contain- 
ing- account of General Jackson's death. 

Mrs. E. M. Kelly— Pictuiv of (leneial Placide Deforest 
and family, painted one hundred yeai's ago by a Spanish artist. 

Portrait of Auguste Donee, a Parisian, who was present at 
Marie Antoinette's execution ; not long after, he came to New 
Orleans, became an American citizen, and carried arms under 
Jackson all during the war of 1812-15. After the battle of New 
Orleans Jackson wrote him a complimentary letter for his 
l)ra\ery. In 1826, Mr. Donee established himself in Mexico, 
and during the troubles which took place in the City of Mexico 
December 5, 1828, his store' and house were pillaged ; this pic- 
ture was mutilated and carried off to head(|uarters, from whence 
it was afterwards returned to the family. 

Portrait of L. D. Deblanc de St. Denis, of whose bravery 
and enterprise, such as going by land to Mexico entirely alone, 
or pursuing the Indians without aid, many anecdotes were told, 
was the Couunandant at Natchitoches, in 1730, when the French 
were massacred by the Natchez Indians. 

Sent by Ursitline Convent — An Engraving, i-epresenting 
the ari'ival of the Ursuline Nuns from Spain in 1727 ; they were 
live months making the trip. 

Portrait of Pierre Soule, American Minister to Spain. 

John L. Lewis — Portrait of Genei-al Jackson. 

Dr. SotTCHON — p]ngraving of battle of New Orleans. 

Mrs. Sophie Blanoq — Portrait of Chas. F. D'Aunoy, son of 
Nicholas F. D' Aunoy and Brigitte de Macarty. He was Colonel 
of Artillery in Louisiana, and entered the service of Spain under 
the reign of Charles III. When Louisiana was ceded to the 
United States he followed his regiment to Spain, was promoted 
to the rank of Major General, and died Captain General of 
Andalusia under the reign of Ferdinand YII. 

G. D. CouLON — Portrait of Ah-pissah, a Choctaw Prince of 
Louisiana. 

Pere Antoine de Sedella, who was a Capuchin Friar, and 
made curate of the old Church of St. Louis in New Orleans, 



CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 75 

November 25. 1785, Pere Antoine was a remarkable mau aud 
idolized by the pe<>i>le of the city : he died January 20, 1829. 

Mit^s May Clack — Portrait of Colonel P^ranklin H. Clack. 
Ci-esceiit Regiineiit, Conledeaate Army, wIkj was killed at the 
battle of Mansfield, La., April 9, IS()2. 

(lEN. William E. Dojkie — " The Council of the (Jods," 
in bronze, by Benevenueto Cellini. 

Mr. Clark — Portrait of Lieutenant Colonel Chas. Didier 
Dreux, a Creole of Louisiana, descended from some of the best 
families in the State, a talented man and brave soldier; was the 
first Confederate officer killed in the late war. Pre\'ious to the 
war, ('olouel Dreux had oi{;anized the Orleans Cadets, of which 
he was Captain ; it was the first \ olunteer organization in this 
city to ofier its sej'\ices to the (3onfedej"acy. This companj^ and 
tive others, all volunteeis, were formed into Dreux's Battalion, 
known every where as Dreux's celebrated Battalion, and Captain 
Dreux became its Lieutenant Colonel. This chivali'ous soldiei- 
was killed at Xewpoi't News, Va., July 8, 1801. 

Mr8. Eug. SoNiAT-DU-FossAT — Photograph of the old Court 
House, 219 aud 221 Royal street, where Jackson was sentenced 
to one hour's imprisonment and $1000 fine for proclaiming mai'- 
tial law in New Orleans, in 1815. This ancient landmark is now 
occupied as afui-niturestore by (.'has. Watrigant, a descendant of 
Louis XIV. 

Chas. Watrigant — Bust of Louis XYI. 

Mrs. Evans — Portrait of Autonio Mendez. 

Ceneral de Clouet — Portrait of Agricole Fuselier, the 
original of one of Cable's characters in ''The Grandissimes." 

Mrs. Chas. Gayarre — Poitrait of Hon. Chas. Gayarre. 

Mrs. Eug. Sonia t-du-Fossat — Photograph of Hon. (jhas. 
Gayarre, "Louisiana's Historian.'' Mr. Gayarr6 has held va- 
rious public ijositions of honor and trust in his native State ; but 
it is as her Historian, her Biographer, he has won fairest laurels 
for himself and her. 

Sugar Exchange — Etienne de Bore, grandfather- of Judge 
Gayarre, was a sugar planter, who after many experiments sue- 



76 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBITTIONS. 



ceeded in doing' that in which Mendez, Soils and others had so 
utterly tailed; that is iu gi-anuhitiug sugar. In 171)2, Mr. de 
Bore purchased laud just a few luiles above Xew Oileans, 
employed a man by the uame ot Moi'iu, who had made sugar in 
St. Domiugo, purchased caues ol' Mendez, who had endeavored 
to make sugai- iu 1791, and started a sugar plantation. Mr* 
Mendez in his ettbrts to granulate the caue juice had purchased 
the same sugar-making apparatus with which Mr. Solis had 
tailed iu 1790, at Terre aux Bceuts, below New Orleans, but Mi\ 
Bor6 caused Morin to put up works exactly like those used in 
St. Domingo. Two years weie consuuied iu planting and build- 
ing; in 1795, Mr. Bore's expectations began to be realized, and 
in 1796 he had the triumpli of making the first sugar crop of 
Louisiana, which was sold for .1512,000. Aftei- this the culture of 
cane soon sui)erseded that of indigo, and Louisiana's sugai' crojj 
of the year 1800, yielded fifteen million livi-es, 

Mr, Genin -Portrait of Gustave de Toutant de Beauregard, 
Creole of Louisiaiui, General in the Confederate States Army. 
Beaui-egai'd's uame throughout Louisiana is a household word; 
he is so widely known there is no need to say aught of him. 

General de Ceouet — Portrait of Commandant De Blanc 
de St. Denis, Commandant at Natchez, in 1731. 

H. M. Favuot — Portrait of Le Blanc de Villeueuve, Com- 
mandant at Oj^elousas, who in his day spoke the Indian tongueSj 
and was a great favorite with the savages, whose costumes he 
wore when among them. 

Dr. C. Ti'RPiN — Engraving of the old St. Louis Cathedral, 
which was erected at his own expense, under Carondelet's ad- 
ministration, by the public spirited Don Andreas de Almon- 
aster. Almouaster' s daughtei', the Countess de Pontalba, pre- 
sented to New Orleans that space iu front of the Cathedral 
known as Jackson Square, formerly "La Place d' Armes." Mde. 
De Pontalba was the owuer of the tine buildings on each side 
of the square, which she caused lo be erected for the expi-ess 
purpose of beautifying the surroundings of the Cathedral. The 
pro'perty is now owned by her sou. 

Dr. C. H. Tebault — Engraving of "La Grange," the 
residence, in France, of General Lafayette. The original of 



rONTKIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 



this picture was painted in oil by Lafayette's daughter, and 
sent as a gilt to (leneral Washington. The engraving in the 
"historic collection"" was presented by Lafayette to Christopher 
Hall, of Xorfolk, \ a., maternal grandfather of Dr. Tebault. 

W. A. ('AKEY — Portrait of Thomas Jefferson, taken in 
Palis while he was Minister to France, in 1784. 

Miss Sadie Marshall — Portiait of Hon Henry Marshall, 
of DeSoto Parish. 

A. I)ei,ayi(4NE — Portiail of Hon. ,1. \. (iuillotte, present 
Mayor of New Oilea-ns, ISS;"). 

(t. I), ('orj.ox — Portrait of ("ol. .lames Burn, of the Second 
United States Di'a^iioons, Aide de Camp to General T. A. Wil- 
kinson. ;ind i)ainted foi' him by Jarvis, in 1812. 

Portrait of General Wilkinson. 

Mks. ('has. Duokos — Portrait of Mademoiselle Emilie 
Adelard Ducros, born in 1758; tlie picture was painted in 1775, 
and sei'ves to illustrate the fashions of that period. 

Mrs. Bi^ousseau — Portrait of Commodore Porter, Lnited 
States Navy. 

Mrss (tTYot — Flag Stafl" used at Battle of New Orleans. 
Head of Wheat taken from tomb of Egyptian mummy, where it 
had lain 1500 years. 

Mrs. L. Dolhondk — Portrait of (4o^ernorDerbigny's wife. 

Mrs. Felix Lahatit — Portrait of Chas. L. Trudeau, first 
Surveyoi' General of Louisiana. 

Mrs. Labatut — Porti-ait of Mrs. ('has. L. Trudeau ; these 
two pictures were painted in 1779, and, although on sepai'ate 
canvass, Mr. and Mrs. Trudeau are represented as jdaying a 
game of backgammon together. 

H. ISI. Favrot — Portrait of Anna Leandre, a mulatto 
woman, belonging to Mrs. Ilrsin Soniat-du-Fossat. This servant 
refused to accept her liberty under the emancipation act, and 
accompanied her mistress to France, where her fidelity was such 
as to attract the attention of the French Govei-nment, which 
presented her with the cross of honor. The portrait was painted 
in affectionate recognition of her services by Mrs. Favrot, Miiom 



78 CONTRIEUTORS AND OONTRTP.UTIONS. 



she had nnrsert in infancy : it is an evidonce of the stvonjj at- 
tachment winch so often existed between masters and slaves in 
the South. 

Gen. Dk ('lot et — Three portraits of ladies of the- He Clonct 
laniily ; painted in the past centnry : one in the early bloom of 
maidenhood, one of matnrer yeai-s, and one in age ; these are ex- 
hibited to show the costumes worn by ladies of different ages 
one hundred years ago. 

Mrs. Potter — Portrait of Mrs. Myra Clark <laines, tht^ 
great and celebrated female litigant of Louisiana, who claimed 
•' God gave her a long life simply to show man what the enei'gy 
and perseverance of a woman conld accomplish." 

Mrs. Burke — Portrait of E. A.. Burke, Director General of 
the Exi^osition. 

Miss BLANCHARD—Grayon Portrait of Mr. Burke, execnted 
by herself. 

Portraits of A. G. Carter, A. Bondouscpiie, Howard, of 
Howard's Association. Casimir Lacoste, Wm. B. Barrow, J. C. 
Bossier, V. Z. Aimand, B. Wiuchester. D. Lanaux. P. Thomas, 
Geo. S. Guiou, xVndre Martin, M. Downs. Horatio Davis, H. M. 
Thibodaux, L. DeBlanc, Alex. De Clouet. 

Miss Lttcy Claieorne — Portrait of Governor W. C. C. 
Claiborne. 

Mde. Jttees Laver(^tNE — Portrait of (rovernoi- Villere. 

The State — Portrait of Governor Thos. B. Robertson. 

Dr. Joseph Bauer — Portrait of Governor H. S. Thibo- 
daux. 

Mrs. L. Dolhonde — Portrait of Governor Henry Johnson. 

Portrait of Governor Pierre Derbigny. 

Portrait of Governor Jacques Dupre. 

Mrs. Lavtllebeuvre— Portrait of Governor A. B. Roman. 

Miss Susanna White — Poi-trait of Governor E. D. White. 

General Mouton — Portrait of Governor Alex. Mouton. 

Mrs. Julia Johnson— Portrait of Governor Isaac Johnson. 



CONTRIBTTTOES AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 79 



Mrs. C. E. Kelly — Portrait of (Tovernor Joseph Walker. 
Robert Hebert — Portrait of Governor P. O. Hebert. 
Portrait of (xoveriior T. O. Moore. 
Portrait of Governoi- H. W, Allen. 
Mrs. Urban — Portrait of Governor Michael Hahn. 
Portrait of Governor J. Madison Wells. 
Judge Pardee — Portrait of Governor H. V. Warmoth. 
Mrs. Jno. McEnery — Portrait of (iovernor Jno. McEnery. 
Mrs. F. T. Nichot^ls— Portrait of Governor F. T. Nicholls. 
Mrs. L. a. Wlltz — Portrait of (Governor L. A. Wiltz. 
Mtss C. 8t. Martin — Poi-trait <>t (4overnor R. C M^ick- 
liffe. 

Mrs. p. Lanaux— Portrait of (lOvernor Alex. O'Reilly. 
Mrs. Culbkktson — Portrait of Governor Bernard Galvez. 
J, Leopold, of Tyler. Texas — Portrait of Governor Gayoso 
de fjemos. 




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